Uniaxial loading and organic solvent are small-scale oil expression methods used to evaluate the mechanical behavior, oil content, and oil efficiency of oil-bearing materials aimed at designing a low-cost mechanical pressing system. Bulk kernels of pressing height 40 mm were heated from 40 to 60 °C and compressed at maximum force of 60 kN and speeds from 4 to 8 mm/min. Relaxation times between 3 and 12 min were applied to assess the kernel oil efficiency. The kernel oil point was identified at deformation levels between 15 and 25 mm at a speed of 4 mm/min using a litmus test. The kernel oil was analyzed for peroxide value and free fatty acid. Kernel oil content was determined by Soxhlet extraction. Increased speed caused a serration effect on the force–deformation curve leading to lower oil yield. Lower and upper oil point forces at 6.21 ± 0.58 and 10.61 ± 0.71 kN were observed to be useful for predicting the pressure for maximum output oil. The peroxide value and free fatty acid content of kernel oil decreased with increasing temperature, indicating its quality usage. The relaxation time of 12 min after compression increased kernel oil efficiency of 15.6%. In designing new presses, there is a need to consider compression and relaxation processes to reduce the residual kernel cake oil.

中文翻译：

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单轴压力和有机溶剂对榛子仁油提取的收获后加工评价

单轴加载和有机溶剂是用于评估含油材料的机械性能，含油量和油效率的小型油压法，旨在设计一种低成本的机械压制系统。将压制高度为40 mm的散粒从40加热到60°C，并以60 kN的最大力和4至8 mm / min的速度压缩。应用3至12分钟的松弛时间来评估仁油效率。使用石蕊试纸，以4 mm / min的速度在15至25 mm的变形水平下确定了核心油点。分析了仁油中的过氧化物值和游离脂肪酸。内核油含量通过索氏提取法测定。速度的增加对力-变形曲线产生锯齿效应，从而导致油产量降低。上下油点力为6.21±0。观察到58和10.61±0.71 kN可用于预测最大输出油的压力。籽仁油的过氧化物值和游离脂肪酸含量随温度升高而降低，表明其使用质量。压缩后12分钟的松弛时间将仁油效率提高了15.6％。在设计新压榨机时，需要考虑压缩和松弛过程以减少残留的仁饼油。