European taurine and East Asian taurine are two main clades in Bos taurus, but their genomic differences are not clearly elucidated. Here, we sequenced 16 Mongolian cattle genomes and compared them to the 92 genomes of 10 representative breeds worldwide. We found the highest LD level in Mishima cattle and the fastest LD decay in European taurine. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Mongolian, Hanwoo and Mishima cattle were clustered into East Asian taurine. From selective sweep, gene annotation, functional enrichment and differential expression analysis, we identified selective signals including genes and/or pathways related to rapid growth and large body size in European taurine, and superior meat quality in East Asian taurine. Our findings will help us understand the evolutionary history and formation process of the breeds and provide theoretical materials regarding the genetic mechanism underlying breed characteristics and molecular breeding programmes of the taurine clades in the future.

中文翻译：

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全基因组分析揭示了欧洲牛磺酸和东亚牛磺酸之间的基因组差异

欧洲牛磺酸和东亚牛磺酸是 Bos taurus 的两个主要进化枝，但它们的基因组差异尚不清楚。在这里，我们对 16 个蒙古牛基因组进行了测序，并将它们与全球 10 个代表性品种的 92 个基因组进行了比较。我们发现三岛牛的 LD 水平最高，而欧洲牛磺酸的 LD 衰减最快。系统发育分析表明，蒙古牛、韩牛和三岛牛聚集成东亚牛磺酸。通过选择性扫描、基因注释、功能富集和差异表达分析，我们确定了选择性信号，包括与欧洲牛磺酸的快速生长和大体型相关的基因和/或通路，以及东亚牛磺酸的优质肉质。