The giant black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, is one of the most economically important marine shrimp species, and it has a huge global economic impact. In this study, population diversity of P. monodon along the nine distinct coastal regions of India was determined by the molecular data of the mitochondrial control region (D‐Loop) and five mitochondrial genes (12SrRNA, 16SrRNA, COX1, Cytb and ND1). The mitochondrial DNA regions were highly AT‐rich, and demographic events suggested a recent population expansion. The results revealed a high level of genetic diversity, and we observed an increment of rare mutations and haplotypes within all populations. Chennai and Port Blair population showed the highest number of unique haplotypes. A significant level of population differentiation existed within all populations. A high level of genetic variations was observed within all populations. Neutral point mutations (silent or missense) were observed within all mitochondrial protein‐coding genes. The mitochondrial control region (D‐Loop), 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b gene should be the potential marker for P. monodon. The 16S ribosomal RNA region would be the best mitochondrial marker for biogeographical phylogenetic studies in P. monodon. This study might have a great significance for the establishment of selective breeding strategies to develop genetically improved broodstock and to maintain wild stock diversity.

中文翻译：

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线粒体DNA多样性：深入了解印度整个沿海地区斑节对虾的种群多样性，结构和人口历史

巨大的黑虎虾对虾（Penaeus monodon）是经济上最重要的海虾种类之一，对全球经济产生巨大影响。在这项研究中，斑节对虾的种群多样性通过线粒体控制区（D-Loop）和五个线粒体基因（12SrRNA，16SrRNA，COX1，Cytb和ND1）的分子数据确定了印度九个不同沿海地区沿线的分布。线粒体DNA区域富含AT，并且人口统计事件表明最近种群正在扩大。结果显示出高水平的遗传多样性，我们观察到所有种群中稀有突变和单倍型的增加。钦奈和布莱尔港人口显示出最多的独特单倍型。在所有人群中都存在显着水平的人口分化。在所有人群中均观察到高水平的遗传变异。在所有线粒体蛋白编码基因中均观察到中性点突变（沉默或错义）。线粒体控制区（D-Loop），斑节对虾。16S核糖体RNA区域将是斑节对虾生物地理系统发育研究的最佳线粒体标记。这项研究对于建立选择育种策略以发展遗传改良亲鱼和维持野生种群多样性可能具有重要意义。