Since the first mass spectrometry (MS) experiments were conducted by Thomson and Aston, plasmas have been used as ionization sources. Historically, plasma ion sources were used for these experiments because they were one of the few known sources of gas-phase ions at the time and they were relatively simple to setup and operate. Since then, developments in plasma ionization have continued to inform and motivate advances in other areas of MS. For example, plasma-desorption MS demonstrated ionization of large peptides and polymers more than 10 years before the first descriptions of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). As a result, significant effort was placed on development of ionization approaches, mass analysis, and detection approaches for very large molecules: even before the advent of ESI and MALDI. Since then, new analytical challenges and opportunities in plasma ionization have arisen. In this review, the emerging trends in plasma-based ionization for several areas of MS will be discussed, including molecular ionization, elemental ionization, hybrid elemental and molecular ion sources, and unique chemical transformations. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev

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现代等离子体解吸/电离：从原子和分子到化学合成

自 Thomson 和 Aston 进行第一次质谱 (MS) 实验以来，等离子体已被用作电离源。从历史上看，等离子体离子源被用于这些实验，因为它们是当时为数不多的已知气相离子源之一，并且它们的设置和操作相对简单。从那时起，等离子体电离的发展继续为 MS 其他领域的进步提供信息和推动。例如，等离子体解吸质谱在电喷雾电离 (ESI) 和基质辅助激光解吸/电离 (MALDI) 的首次描述之前 10 多年就证明了大肽和聚合物的电离。因此，在开发用于超大分子的电离方法、质量分析和检测方法上投入了大量精力：甚至在 ESI 和 MALDI 出现之前。从那时起，等离子体电离领域出现了新的分析挑战和机遇。在这篇综述中，将讨论 MS 几个领域基于等离子体的电离的新兴趋势，包括分子电离、元素电离、混合元素和分子离子源，以及独特的化学转化。© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 质谱修订版