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Stopover refueling, movement, and departure decisions in the White‐throated Sparrow: the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors during spring migration
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13315 Andrew T Beauchamp 1 , Christopher G Guglielmo 1 , Yolanda E Morbey 1
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13315 Andrew T Beauchamp 1 , Christopher G Guglielmo 1 , Yolanda E Morbey 1
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1. Differential migration timing between sex or age classes are examples of how migratory movement strategies can differ among sub-groups within a population. However, in songbirds, evidence for intrinsic differences in en route migratory behavior is often mixed, suggesting that the local environmental context may play a role in accentuating or diminishing patterns. 2. We evaluated how multiple intrinsic and extrinsic variables influenced refueling rates, local movement behavior, and departure decisions in the White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) during spring migration. This species exhibits a unique genetically-based plumage dimorphism, providing a unique class of individual in which to evaluate patterns and processes of differential migration, in addition to sex, age, and migration distance. 3. At a migratory stopover site, plasma metabolite analysis was used to quantify individual variation in stopover refueling rate. In after second year adults, automated and manual radio telemetry was used to quantify daily activity timing, daily movement distances, stopover duration, and departure time. Arrival timing to the stopover site was determined using capture data. Non-breeding and previous breeding/natal latitude were determined using analysis of hydrogen isotopes in claws and feathers. 4. Males arrived at the stopover site 11 days on average before females, but no difference in migration timing was observed between plumage morph or age classes. After second year adults with more southern previous breeding latitudes arrived at stopover earlier whereas second year birds making their first return migration arrived at stopover in an inverse relationship to non-breeding latitude. Stopover refueling rate did not differ between ages, sexes, or plumage morphs, and daily departure probability of adults was higher under warmer temperatures and favorable tailwinds. White-striped morphs moved greater distances during stopover, initiated daily activity earlier in the morning, and departed for migration earlier in the evening than tan-striped morphs. 5. Our results show that while individual phenotype can influence some aspects of local stopover-scale movement behavior, evidence for differential stopover behavior was weak. Differential migration timing is unlikely to result from intrinsic differences in en route refueling rate and departure decisions, especially because the latter is strongly influenced by meteorological conditions.
中文翻译：
白喉麻雀中途停留加油、移动和出发决策：春季迁徙过程中内在和外在因素的影响
1. 性别或年龄段之间的不同迁移时间是一个示例，说明迁移策略在人口中的子群体之间如何不同。然而，在鸣禽中，途中迁徙行为内在差异的证据往往是混合的，这表明当地环境背景可能在加剧或减少模式方面发挥作用。2. 我们评估了多个内在和外在变量如何影响春季迁徙期间白喉麻雀 (Zonotrichia albicollis) 的加油率、局部运动行为和离开决策。该物种表现出独特的基于遗传的羽毛二态性，提供了一个独特的个体类别，除了性别、年龄和迁移距离外，还可以在其中评估差异迁移的模式和过程。3. 在迁徙中途停留地，血浆代谢物分析用于量化中途加油率的个体差异。在成人二年级之后，使用自动和手动无线电遥测来量化日常活动时间、日常移动距离、中途停留时间和出发时间。使用捕获数据确定到达中途停留地点的时间。非繁殖和以前繁殖/出生纬度是通过分析爪子和羽毛中的氢同位素来确定的。4. 雄性平均比雌性早11天到达中途停留地，但在羽毛形态和年龄等级之间没有观察到迁徙时间的差异。在第二年之后，以前繁殖纬度更南的成鸟更早到达中途停留，而第二年的鸟类首次返回迁徙到达中途停留与非繁殖纬度成反比。中途加油率在年龄、性别或羽毛形态之间没有差异，在温暖的温度和有利的顺风下，成年人每天离开的概率更高。与棕褐色条纹的变种相比，白条纹变种在中途停留期间移动的距离更远，在早上更早开始日常活动，并在晚上更早地出发迁移。5. 我们的结果表明，虽然个体表型可以影响局部中途停留规模运动行为的某些方面，但差异中途停留行为的证据很弱。
更新日期：2020-10-09
中文翻译：
白喉麻雀中途停留加油、移动和出发决策：春季迁徙过程中内在和外在因素的影响
1. 性别或年龄段之间的不同迁移时间是一个示例，说明迁移策略在人口中的子群体之间如何不同。然而，在鸣禽中，途中迁徙行为内在差异的证据往往是混合的，这表明当地环境背景可能在加剧或减少模式方面发挥作用。2. 我们评估了多个内在和外在变量如何影响春季迁徙期间白喉麻雀 (Zonotrichia albicollis) 的加油率、局部运动行为和离开决策。该物种表现出独特的基于遗传的羽毛二态性，提供了一个独特的个体类别，除了性别、年龄和迁移距离外，还可以在其中评估差异迁移的模式和过程。3. 在迁徙中途停留地，血浆代谢物分析用于量化中途加油率的个体差异。在成人二年级之后，使用自动和手动无线电遥测来量化日常活动时间、日常移动距离、中途停留时间和出发时间。使用捕获数据确定到达中途停留地点的时间。非繁殖和以前繁殖/出生纬度是通过分析爪子和羽毛中的氢同位素来确定的。4. 雄性平均比雌性早11天到达中途停留地，但在羽毛形态和年龄等级之间没有观察到迁徙时间的差异。在第二年之后，以前繁殖纬度更南的成鸟更早到达中途停留，而第二年的鸟类首次返回迁徙到达中途停留与非繁殖纬度成反比。中途加油率在年龄、性别或羽毛形态之间没有差异，在温暖的温度和有利的顺风下，成年人每天离开的概率更高。与棕褐色条纹的变种相比，白条纹变种在中途停留期间移动的距离更远，在早上更早开始日常活动，并在晚上更早地出发迁移。5. 我们的结果表明，虽然个体表型可以影响局部中途停留规模运动行为的某些方面，但差异中途停留行为的证据很弱。
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