Over the last few years, immune cell metabolism has become one of the most stimulating areas of investigation in the field of immunology. Compelling evidence has revealed that metabolic pathways are closely associated to cell functions and immune cells adopt defined metabolic programs to sustain their activity and respond to micro-environmental demands. It is now clear that alterations in cell metabolism can favour dysregulation typical of autoreactive immune cells, thus sustaining loss of immunological self-tolerance.

In this short review, we highlight the main metabolic alterations associated with both innate and adaptive immune cells in autoimmune conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). We also summarize recent findings reporting the use of pharmacological agents, which modulate the immunometabolism to possibly control immune responses during autoimmune disorders.

在过去的几年中，免疫细胞代谢已成为免疫学领域最令人兴奋的研究领域之一。令人信服的证据表明，代谢途径与细胞功能密切相关，免疫细胞采用明确的代谢程序来维持其活动并响应微环境需求。现在很明显，细胞代谢的改变可能有利于自身反应性免疫细胞的典型失调，从而导致免疫自我耐受性的丧失。

在这篇简短的综述中，我们重点介绍了与自身免疫性疾病（例如多发性硬化症 (MS) 和 1 型糖尿病 (T1D)）中的先天性和适应性免疫细胞相关的主要代谢改变。我们还总结了最近报告使用药物制剂的发现，这些药物调节免疫代谢以可能控制自身免疫性疾病期间的免疫反应。