Goldfish (Carassius auratus) juveniles were exposed to virgin polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) in triplicate at 0, 0.1 or 0.5 mg/L for four days. Afterwards, the histopathology of the gills, liver and intestines were examined, along with various antioxidant enzymes and indicators of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)), in the brain, liver and gills. In addition, we also studied the expression of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and growth hormone (GH) receptor, while cortisol receptor (CR) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene expression were assayed in both the liver and gills. Histological analysis revealed PVC-MPs in the intestines at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L, along with substantially shorter villi. The gills appeared undamaged by PVC-MPs exposure and had limited or no effect to antioxidant activity, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and H⁺-ATPase activity or plasma ion levels, but there was a prominent upsurge of the detoxification enzymes glutatione S-transferase (GST) activity and CYP1A expression. Livers showed inflammation and some occurrences of hemorrhaging and necrosis at 0.5 mg/L. While the brain showed some evidence of oxidative damage, the liver was the most susceptible to oxidative damage, based on increased MDA, H₂O₂ and various antioxidant enzymes. Hepatic expression of IGFBP-1 and GH receptor were significantly downregulated at 0.5 mg/L while CR was upregulated. Results indicate that exposure to environmentally relevant PVC-MP can cause oxidative damage in the brain and liver, adverse histomorphological changes to the intestine and liver and alter the gene expression in goldfish.

将金鱼（Carassius auratus）幼鱼一式三份地以0、0.1或0.5 mg / L暴露于原始的聚氯乙烯微塑料（PVC-MPs）中四天。之后，检查the，肝和肠的组织病理学，以及各种抗氧化酶和氧化损伤（丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂）指示剂）），位于大脑，肝脏和g中。此外，我们还研究了肝胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1），胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1（IGFBP-1）和生长激素（GH）受体，而皮质醇受体（CR）的表达在肝脏和g中均检测到了细胞色素P450 1A（CYP1A）和细胞色素P450 1A（CYP1A）基因的表达。组织学分析显示，肠中的PVC-MP含量分别为0.1和0.5 mg / L，绒毛明显更短。PVC似乎不受PVC-MPs的损害，并且对抗氧化活性，Na ⁺ / K ⁺ -ATPase和H ^+的影响有限或没有影响-ATPase活性或血浆离子水平，但排毒酶谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性和CYP1A表达显着增加。肝脏在0.5 mg / L时显示出炎症以及一些出血和坏死的发生。尽管大脑显示出一些氧化损伤的证据，但基于MDA，H ₂ O ₂和各种抗氧化酶的增加，肝脏最容易受到氧化损伤。在0.5 mg / L时，IGFBP-1和GH受体的肝表达显着下调，而CR则上调。结果表明，与环境相关的PVC-MP接触可导致脑和肝脏的氧化损伤，肠和肝的不利组织形态变化并改变金鱼的基因表达。