The first workshop evidence of the Caliphate polychrome tin-glaze production known as ‘verde y manganeso’ in al-Andalus has been found in the Cordoban workshops area. This study reports on the analysis of recovered firing debris and workshop items and the tin glaze production chaîne opèratoire using SEM-EDS and μ-XRD analysis. The findings reveal the use of a tin and lead calx mixed with plant ashes both in the Emirate and later Caliphate tin glaze productions and demonstrate a direct relationship between the Umayyad Córdoba-Madīnat al-Zahrā’ and the Abbasid regions. Moreover, ceramics from both domestic and palatial well-dated archaeological contexts from Córdoba and Madīnat al-Zahrā’ have been analysed to determine the differences among the domestic and palace wares and to shed light on the long running dispute among scholars regarding the location of the tin-glazed workshops. Our data demonstrate so far that the workshop area of Córdoba manufactured ‘verde y manganeso’ tin-glazed ceramics during the Caliphate period and that it could have been supplying both high-quality wares for the palaces and cheaper products for the domestic contexts.

中文翻译：

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Madīnatal-Zahrā'或MadīnatQurtuba？“ verde y manganeso”产品的哈里发钙锡釉的初步证据

在Cordoban车间区域内发现了在安达卢斯称为“ verde y manganeso”的哈里发多色锡釉生产的第一个车间证据。这项研究报告了使用SEM-EDS和μ-XRD分析法对回收的烧成碎片和车间物品以及锡釉生产链条进行的分析。调查结果显示使用了锡和铅的金属灰与两个酋长国，后来哈里发锡釉制作和演示倭马亚Córdoba-之间有直接的关系草木灰混合古城人扎赫拉”和阿巴斯的区域。此外，来自科尔多瓦和马迪纳特·扎哈拉的古老和考古环境的陶瓷我们进行了分析，以确定家用和宫殿用瓷器之间的差异，并阐明学者之间关于镀锡工场位置的长期争论。到目前为止，我们的数据表明，科尔多瓦的车间区域在哈里发时期生产了'verde y manganeso'锡釉陶瓷，并且它本来可以为宫殿提供高质量的商品，也可以为国内提供便宜的商品。