Renewable energy (RE) systems play a key role in producing electricity worldwide. The integration of RE systems is carried out in a distributed aspect via an autonomous hybrid microgrid (A-HMG) system. The A-HMG concept provides a series of technological solutions that must be managed optimally. As a solution, this paper focuses on the application of a recent nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm named a multimodal delayed particle swarm optimization (MDPSO). The proposed algorithm is applied to an A-HMG to find the minimum levelized cost of energy (LCOE), the lowest loss of power supply probability (LPSP), and the maximum renewable factor (REF). Firstly, a smart energy management scheme (SEMS) is proposed to coordinate the power flow among the various system components that formed the A-HMG. Then, the MDPSO is integrated with the SEMS to perform the optimal sizing for the A-HMG of a fishing village that is located in the coastal city of Essaouira, Morocco. The proposed A-HMG comprises photovoltaic panels (PV), wind turbines (WTs), battery storage systems, and diesel generators (DGs). The results of the optimization in this location show that A-HMG system can be applied for this location with a high renewable factor that is equal to 90%. Moreover, the solution is very promising in terms of the LCOE and the LPSP indexes that are equal to 0.17$/kWh and 0.12%, respectively. Therefore, using renewable energy can be considered as a good alternative to enhance energy access in remote areas as the fishing village in the city of Essaouira, Morocco. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is applied to highlight the impact of varying each energy source in terms of the LCOE index.

中文翻译：

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使用多模式延迟PSO算法的自治混合​​微电网的多目标规模计算：一个渔村的案例研究。

可再生能源（RE）系统在全球发电中发挥着关键作用。可再生能源系统的集成是通过自主混合微电网（A-HMG）系统在分布式方面进行的。A-HMG概念提供了一系列必须最佳管理的技术解决方案。作为解决方案，本文重点介绍了一种最新的自然启发式元启发式优化算法，即多峰延迟粒子群优化（MDPSO）。所提出的算法被应用于A-HMG，以找到最小的平准化能源成本（LCOE），最低的电源损耗概率（LPSP）和最大的可再生因子（REF）。首先，提出了一种智能能源管理方案（SEMS），以协调构成A-HMG的各个系统组件之间的功率流。然后，MDPSO与SEMS集成在一起，可为位于摩洛哥沿海城市索维拉的一个渔村的A-HMG进行最佳尺寸设计。拟议的A-HMG包括光伏板（PV），风力涡轮机（WTs），电池存储系统和柴油发电机（DGs）。该位置的优化结果表明，A-HMG系统可以以90％的高可再生因子应用于该位置。此外，就LCOE和LPSP指数分别等于0.17 $ / kWh和0.12％而言，该解决方案非常有前途。因此，在摩洛哥索维拉市的一个渔村，使用可再生能源可以被认为是增加偏远地区能源获取的良好选择。此外，