Abstract

The recent emergence of Olive Quick Decline Syndrome in Italy, caused by Xylella fastidiosa, has drawn attention to the risks posed by this vector-borne bacterium to important crops in Europe (especially fruit trees and grapevine). Comparatively very little is known on actual and potential impacts of this pathogen in forests, in the native (North American) and introduced (European) regions, respectively. The present review aims to address important questions related to the threat posed by X. fastidiosa to European forests, such as the following: What are the symptoms, hosts and impact of bacterial leaf scorch caused by X. fastidiosa on trees in North America? Which forest tree species have been found infected in the introduction area in Europe? How does X. fastidiosa cause disease in susceptible hosts? Are there any X. fastidiosa genotypes (subspecies and sequence types) specifically associated with forest trees? How is X. fastidiosa transmitted? What are the known and potential vectors for forest trees? How does vector ecology affect disease? Is the distribution of X. fastidiosa, especially the strains associated with trees, restricted by climatic factors? Is disease risk for trees different in forest ecosystems as compared with urban settings? We conclude by pointing to important knowledge gaps related to all these questions and strongly advocate for more research about the Xylella-forest pathosystems, in both North America and Europe.

中文翻译：

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Xylella fastidiosa对欧洲森林构成了严重威胁吗？

摘要

由Xylella fastidiosa引起的意大利Olive快速下降综合症最近出现，引起人们对这种媒介传播细菌对欧洲重要农作物（尤其是果树和葡萄树）构成的风险的关注。对该病原体在森林中的实际和潜在影响知之甚少，分别在本地（北美）和引进地区（欧洲）。本综述旨在解决与耐腐木假单胞菌对欧洲森林的威胁有关的重要问题，例如以下内容：耐腐木假单胞菌对北美树木造成的症状，寄主和细菌叶子焦枯的影响是什么？在欧洲的引进地区发现了哪些森林树种受到感染？如何X. fastidiosa在易感宿主中引起疾病​​？是否有与森林树木特别相关的X. fastidiosa基因型（亚种和序列类型）？X. fastidiosa如何传播？森林树木的已知和潜在媒介是什么？媒介生态学如何影响疾病？耐火克氏杆菌的分布，尤其是与树木有关的菌株是否受气候因素限制？与城市环境相比，森林生态系统中树木的疾病风险是否有所不同？最后，我们将指向有关所有这些问题的重要知识差距，并极力主张有关更多的研究Xylella -forest pathosystems，在北美和欧洲。