In open quantum systems, a clear distinction between work and heat is often challenging, and extending the quantum Jarzynski equality to systems evolving under general quantum channels beyond unitality remains an open problem in quantum thermodynamics. In this Letter, we introduce well-defined notions of guessed quantum heat and guessed quantum work, by exploiting the one-time measurement scheme, which only requires an initial energy measurement on the system alone. We derive a modified quantum Jarzynski equality and the principle of maximum work with respect to the guessed quantum work, which requires the knowledge of the system only. We further show the significance of guessed quantum heat and work by linking them to the problem of quantum hypothesis testing.

中文翻译：

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一次性测量方案中开放量子系统中的量子Jarzynski等式。

在开放量子系统中，工作和热量之间的明确区分通常是有挑战性的，将量子Jarzynski等式扩展到在一般量子通道之外演化的系统中，除了单一性之外，仍然是量子热力学中的一个开放问题。在这封信中，我们通过利用一次性测量方案，引入了定义明确的猜想量子热和猜想量子功的概念，该方案仅需要对系统进行初始能量测量。我们推导了修改后的量子Jarzynski等式和关于猜测的量子功的最大功的原理，该原理仅需要系统的知识。通过将它们与量子假设检验问题联系起来，我们进一步展示了猜测的量子热和功的重要性。