ABSTRACT The southernmost Russian Far East represents a soil biodiversity hotspot in which settlements of ancient to modern ages form a mosaic within seminatural vegetation. We explored whether these settlements form potential “concentration points” of soil biodiversity by examining their oribatid mite (Acari: Oribatida) fauna. We sampled soils in nine settlements which were established during one of the three periods of territory colonization: “legendary”- before 1600, “imperial” – between the 1600s and 1917 and “soviet” – after 1917 and nine respective control sites with the seminatural vegetation located nearby. Forty-two species were identified from the collected material, of which 12 require further taxonomic examination. Species richness in control sites was higher (GLM, p < 0.05) than in the settlements – 8.9 ± 1.3 and 5.8 ± 1.0 (S.E.) per sample, respectively. The highest species richness among all settlements was in the “imperial” ones (8.7 ± 0.3) due to higher amount of cosmopolitan and oriental oribatids. We further speculate that elevated species richness in the settlements of the “imperial” period may be linked with the arrival of farmers from European Russia and Siberia in the nineteenth century. The younger “soviet” settlements had the boreal species Heminothrus humicola (Forsslund, 1955), indicating its invasion following the last wave of human migration.

中文翻译：

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人为对俄罗斯远东古代至现代聚落中的 oribatid 螨群落的潜在影响

摘要 俄罗斯最南端的远东地区是一个土壤生物多样性热点地区，从古到今的定居点在半自然植被中形成了马赛克。我们通过检查它们的 oribatid mite (Acari: Oribatida) 动物群来探索这些定居点是否形成土壤生物多样性的潜在“集中点”。我们对九个定居点的土壤进行了采样，这些定居点是在三个领土殖民时期之一建立的：“传奇”——1600 年之前，“帝国”——1600 年代和 1917 年之间，“苏联”——1917 年之后，以及九个各自的控制点与半自然附近的植被。从收集的材料中确定了 42 个物种，其中 12 个需要进一步的分类学检查。对照地点的物种丰富度高于定居点 (GLM, p < 0.05) – 8.9 ± 1.3 和 5.8 ± 1.0 (SE ) 每个样本，分别。所有聚居地中物种丰富度最高的是“帝国”聚居地 (8.7 ± 0.3)，因为世界性和东方的 oribatids 数量较多。我们进一步推测，“帝国”时期定居点物种丰富度的提高可能与 19 世纪来自欧洲俄罗斯和西伯利亚的农民的到来有关。较年轻的“苏联”定居点有北方物种 Heminothrus humicola (Forsslund, 1955)，表明它是在最后一波人类迁徙之后入侵的。我们进一步推测，“帝国”时期定居点物种丰富度的提高可能与 19 世纪来自欧洲俄罗斯和西伯利亚的农民的到来有关。较年轻的“苏联”定居点有北方物种 Heminothrus humicola (Forsslund, 1955)，表明它是在最后一波人类迁徙之后入侵的。我们进一步推测，“帝国”时期定居点物种丰富度的提高可能与 19 世纪来自欧洲俄罗斯和西伯利亚的农民的到来有关。较年轻的“苏联”定居点有北方物种 Heminothrus humicola (Forsslund, 1955)，表明它是在最后一波人类迁徙之后入侵的。