Abstract

Aerosol particles are major short-lived climate forcers, because of their ability to interact with incoming solar radiation. Therefore, addressing mean levels and sources of Arctic aerosols is of high importance in the battle against climate change, due to the Arctic amplification. In the Eastern Arctic, from Finland to Alaska, only one monitoring station exists (HMO Tiksi) and the levels of the Arctic aerosols are usually recorded by sporadic campaigns, while other stations exist in Canada, Finland and Europe. From April 2015 to December 2016, the research station "Ice Base Cape Baranova" (79°16.82'N, 101°37.05'E), located on the Bolshevik island was established in the Siberian high Arctic. Samples were analyzed for equivalent Black Carbon (eBC), Organic Carbon (OC), Elemental Carbon (EC), water-soluble ions, and elements. To identify the spatial origin of the sources, the Potential Source Contributions Function (PSCF) was used in combination with FLEXPART emission sensitivities. OC is the most dominant PM compound in the Ice Cape Baranova station and mostly originates from gas flaring and other industrial regions at lower latitudes, as well as from biomass burning during summertime. Sulfate concentrations were affected by anthropogenic sources in the cold seasons and by natural sources in the warm ones showing distinct seasonal patterns. K⁺ and Mg²⁺ originate from sea-salt in winter and from forest fires in summer. The interannual variability of eBC was in good agreement with the general Arctic seasonal trends and was mainly affected by gas flaring, low latitude industrial sources and from biomass burning emissions. Cl⁻ depletion was very low, while Na⁺ and Cl⁻ originated from the locally formed sea spray.

摘要

气溶胶颗粒是短命的主要气候推动力，因为它们具有与入射的太阳辐射相互作用的能力。因此，由于北极的放大作用，解决北极气溶胶的平均水平和来源在应对气候变化的斗争中至关重要。在从芬兰到阿拉斯加的北极东部地区，仅存在一个监测站（HMO Tiksi），通常通过零星活动记录北极气溶胶的水平，而加拿大，芬兰和欧洲则存在其他监测站。从2015年4月至2016年12月，位于西伯利亚高北极地区的布尔什维克岛上建立了“冰基地开普巴拉诺瓦”（79°16.82'N，101°37.05'E）研究站。分析了样品中的等效黑碳（eBC），有机碳（OC），元素碳（EC），水溶性离子和元素。为了确定源的空间起源，将潜在源贡献函数（PSCF）与FLEXPART发射灵敏度结合使用。OC是Barenova角冰台站中最主要的PM复合物，主要来自于低纬度地区的天然气燃烧和其他工业地区，以及夏季的生物质燃烧。硫酸盐浓度在寒冷季节受人为来源的影响，而在温暖季节受自然来源的影响，表现出明显的季节性模式。ķ 以及夏季的生物质燃烧。硫酸盐浓度在寒冷季节受人为来源的影响，而在温暖季节受自然来源的影响，表现出明显的季节性模式。ķ 以及夏季的生物质燃烧。硫酸盐浓度在寒冷季节受人为来源的影响，而在温暖季节受自然来源的影响，表现出明显的季节性模式。ķ⁺和Mg ²⁺在冬天来自海盐，在夏天来自森林大火。eBC的年际变化与北极的总体季节性趋势非常吻合，并且主要受到天然气燃烧，低纬度工业来源以及生物质燃烧排放的影响。氯^-消耗是非常低的，而Na ⁺和Cl ^-起源于局部形成的浪花。