Abstract

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals and can have beneficial effects on plants. A low concentration of Se can improve plant growth; however, high concentrations can be toxic for plants. In addition, Se can counteract stresses from toxic trace elements in plants. Hence, improved knowledge of the mechanisms involved may contribute to more effective management of Se for reducing trace element stress in plants. Here, the mechanisms of Se-mediated reduction of trace element toxicity in plants are reviewed. Upon uptake by plants, Se may protect plants against toxic trace elements by enhancing plant growth and photosynthesis by regulating the uptake and translocation of trace elements, and by mitigating oxidative stress through regulation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, within the plant, Se-induced tolerance of toxic trace elements involves modification of gene expression, chelation, compartmentalization within plants, and changes in the trace element species. In the rhizosphere, complexation of Se with toxic trace elements may contribute to a reduced uptake of these elements by plants. There is a need to explore the mechanisms of Se-induced trace element tolerance in plants at the molecular and genetic levels. Furthermore, field studies are needed to determine the optimal levels of Se.

摘要

硒 (Se) 是人类和动物必需的微量营养素，可以对植物产生有益影响。低浓度的硒可以促进植物生长；然而，高浓度可能对植物有毒。此外，硒可以抵消植物中有毒微量元素的压力。因此，深入了解所涉及的机制可能有助于更有效地管理硒以减少植物中的微量元素胁迫。在此，综述了硒介导降低植物微量元素毒性的机制。被植物吸收后，硒可以通过调节微量元素的吸收和易位来促进植物生长和光合作用，并通过调节活性氧来减轻氧化应激，从而保护植物免受有毒微量元素的侵害。此外，在工厂内，硒诱导的有毒微量元素耐受性涉及基因表达的改变、螯合、植物内的区室化以及微量元素种类的变化。在根际，硒与有毒微量元素的络合可能导致植物对这些元素的吸收减少。有必要在分子和遗传水平上探索硒诱导植物对微量元素耐受的机制。此外，需要进行实地研究以确定硒的最佳水平。有必要在分子和遗传水平上探索硒诱导植物对微量元素耐受的机制。此外，需要进行实地研究以确定硒的最佳水平。有必要在分子和遗传水平上探索硒诱导植物对微量元素耐受的机制。此外，需要进行实地研究以确定硒的最佳水平。