Abstract

Exosomes, small vesicles with the diameters of 40–160 nm, play an important role in intercellular transport and communication. Exosomes are rich in many kinds of biomolecules, and differential expression of exosomal contents directly reflects the state of the original cells. Therefore, the tumor exosomes are appearing as promising biomarkers in liquid biopsy, and highly sensitive and specific detection of tumor exosomes may provide the information for the early diagnosis, real-time monitoring and treatment of the tumors. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the detection of tumor exosomes, mainly focusing on the use of different analytical techniques, such as optical and electrochemical methods as well as that combination with newly-emerging microfluidic techniques, thereby providing valuable information for the application in the clinical diagnosis and management of the tumors.

摘要

外泌体是直径为 40-160 nm 的小囊泡，在细胞间运输和通讯中发挥重要作用。外泌体富含多种生物分子，外泌体内容物的差异表达直接反映了原始细胞的状态。因此，肿瘤外泌体正在成为液体活检中很有前景的生物标志物，对肿瘤外泌体的高灵敏度和特异性检测可为肿瘤的早期诊断、实时监测和治疗提供信息。在这篇综述中，我们总结了肿瘤外泌体检测的最新进展，主要关注不同分析技术的使用，如光学和电化学方法以及与新兴微流体技术的结合，