We propose a method for marker-based selection of cultivars of clonally-reproducing plant species which keeps the basic genetic architecture of a top-performing cultivar (usually a partly heterozygous genotype), with the addition of some agronomically relevant differences (such as production time, product appearance or quality), providing added value to the product or cultivation process. The method is based on selecting a) two complementary nearly-inbred lines from successive selfing generations (ideally only F₂ and F₃) of large size, that may generate individuals with most of their genome identical to the original cultivar but being homozygous for either of the two component haplotypes in the rest, and b) individuals with such characteristics already occurring in the F₂. Option a) allows for introgressing genes from other individuals in one or both of these nearly-inbred lines. Peach, a woody-perennial, clonally-reproduced species, was chosen as a model for a proof of concept of the Resynthesis process due to its biological characteristics: self-compatibility, compact and genetically well-known genome, low recombination rates and relatively short intergeneration time (3–4 years). From 416 F₂ seedlings from cultivar Sweet Dream (SD), we obtained seven individuals with 76–94% identity with SD, and selected five pairs of complementary lines with average homozygosity of the two parents ≥0.70 such that crossing would produce some individuals highly similar to SD. The application of this scheme to other species with more complex genomes or biological features, including its generalization to F₁ hybrids, is discussed.

我们提出了一种基于标记选择克隆繁殖植物品种的方法，该方法保留了表现最好的品种（通常是部分杂合基因型）的基本遗传结构，并添加了一些农艺相关的差异（例如生产时间） 、产品外观或质量），为产品或种植过程提供附加值。该方法基于a)从连续的大尺寸自交世代（理想情况下仅F ₂和F ₃ ）中选择两个互补的近交系，这可能产生其大部分基因组与原始品种相同但任一者纯合的个体其余的两个组成单倍型，以及 b) 具有此类特征的个体已经出现在 F ₂中。选项a)允许将来自其他个体的基因渗入到这些近交系中的一个或两个中。桃子是一种多年生木本、克隆繁殖的物种，因其生物学特性而被选为再合成过程概念验证的模型：自相容性、紧凑且遗传上众所周知的基因组、低重组率和相对较短的时间。代际时间（3-4 年）。从品种 Sweet Dream (SD) 的 416 株 F ₂幼苗中，我们获得了 7 个与 SD 同一性为 76%~94% 的个体，并选择了 5 对互补系，两个亲本的平均纯合度≥0.70，这样杂交将产生一些高度一致的个体。与SD类似。讨论了该方案在具有更复杂基因组或生物学特征的其他物种中的应用，包括其对 F ₁杂交种的推广。