Vector-borne diseases are responsible for over a billion infections each year and nearly one million deaths. Mosquito-borne dengue virus, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, Zika, Chikungunya, and Rift Valley Fever viruses constitute major public health problems in regions with high densities of arthropod vectors. During the initial step of the transmission cycle, vector, host, and virus converge at the bite site, where local immune cells interact with the vector's saliva. Hematophagous mosquito saliva is a mixture of bioactive components known to modulate vertebrate hemostasis, immunity, and inflammation during the insect's feeding process. The capacity of mosquito saliva to modulate the host immune response has been well-studied over the last few decades and has led to the consensus that the presence of saliva is linked to the enhancement of virus transmission, host susceptibility, disease progression, viremia levels, and mortality. We review some of the major aspects of the interactions between mosquito saliva and the host immune response that may be useful for future studies on the control of arboviruses.

媒介传播疾病每年导致超过十亿例感染和近百万例死亡。蚊媒登革热病毒、西尼罗河病毒、日本脑炎病毒、寨卡病毒、基孔肯雅病毒和裂谷热病毒构成节肢动物媒介高密度地区的主要公共卫生问题。在传播周期的初始步骤中，载体、宿主和病毒在叮咬部位汇聚，局部免疫细胞与载体的唾液相互作用。食血蚊子唾液是生物活性成分的混合物，已知在昆虫的进食过程中调节脊椎动物的止血、免疫和炎症。过去几十年来，人们对蚊子唾液调节宿主免疫反应的能力进行了深入研究，并得出了这样的共识：唾液的存在与病毒传播的增强、宿主易感性、疾病进展、病毒血症水平、和死亡率。我们回顾了蚊子唾液与宿主免疫反应之间相互作用的一些主要方面，这可能对未来控制虫媒病毒的研究有用。