We designed a low-cost wrist-worn prototype for simultaneously measuring environmental, behavioral, and physiological domains of influencing factors in healthcare. Our prototype continuously monitors ambient elements (sound level, toxic gases, ultraviolet radiation, air pressure, temperature, and humidity), personal activity (motion tracking and body positioning using gyroscope, magnetometer, and accelerometer), and vital signs (skin temperature and heart rate). An innovative three-dimensional hardware, based on the multi-physical-layer approach is introduced. Using board-to-board connectors, several physical hardware layers are stacked on top of each other. All of these layers consist of integrated and/or add-on sensors to measure certain domain (environmental, behavioral, or physiological). The prototype includes centralized data processing, transmission, and visualization. Bi-directional communication is based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and can connect to smartphones as well as smart cars and smart homes for data analytic and adverse-event alerts. This study aims to develop a prototype for simultaneous monitoring of the all three areas for monitoring of workplaces and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with a concentration on technical development and validation rather than clinical investigation. We have implemented 6 prototypes which have been tested by 5 volunteers. We have asked the subjects to test the prototype in a daily routine in both indoor (workplaces and laboratories) and outdoor. We have not imposed any specific conditions for the tests. All presented data in this work are from the same prototype. Eleven sensors measure fifteen parameters from three domains. The prototype delivers the resolutions of 0.1 part per million (PPM) for air quality parameters, 1 dB, 1 index, and 1 °C for sound pressure level, UV, and skin temperature, respectively. The battery operates for 12.5 h under the maximum sampling rates of sensors without recharging. The final expense does not exceed 133€. We validated all layers and tested the entire device with a 75 min recording. The results show the appropriate functionalities of the prototype for further development and investigations.

中文翻译：

---

用于腕戴式同时监测环境、行为和生理参数的硬件原型

我们设计了一种低成本的腕戴式原型，用于同时测量医疗保健中影响因素的环境、行为和生理领域。我们的原型持续监测环境因素（声级、有毒气体、紫外线辐射、气压、温度和湿度）、个人活动（使用陀螺仪、磁力计和加速度计进行运动跟踪和身体定位）和生命体征（皮肤温度和心脏速度）。介绍了一种基于多物理层方法的创新三维硬件。使用板对板连接器，多个物理硬件层相互堆叠。所有这些层都由集成和/或附加传感器组成，以测量特定领域（环境、行为或生理）。原型包括集中式数据处理，传输和可视化。双向通信基于低功耗蓝牙 (BLE)，可以连接到智能手机以及智能汽车和智能家居，以进行数据分析和不良事件警报。本研究旨在开发同时监测所有三个领域的原型，以监测工作场所和慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 患者，专注于技术开发和验证，而不是临床调查。我们已经实现了 6 个原型，并由 5 名志愿者进行了测试。我们要求受试者在室内（工作场所和实验室）和室外的日常工作中测试原型。我们没有为测试强加任何特定条件。这项工作中所有呈现的数据都来自同一个原型。11 个传感器测量来自三个域的 15 个参数。该原型的空气质量参数分辨率为百万分之 0.1 (PPM)，声压级、紫外线和皮肤温度分别为 1 dB、1 指数和 1 °C。电池在传感器的最大采样率下运行 12.5 小时，无需充电。最终费用不超过 133 欧元。我们验证了所有层，并使用 75 分钟的录音测试了整个设备。结果显示了原型的适当功能，以供进一步开发和研究。在传感器最大采样率下 5 小时，无需充电。最终费用不超过 133 欧元。我们验证了所有层，并使用 75 分钟的录音测试了整个设备。结果显示了原型的适当功能，以供进一步开发和研究。在传感器最大采样率下 5 小时，无需充电。最终费用不超过 133 欧元。我们验证了所有层，并使用 75 分钟的录音测试了整个设备。结果显示了原型的适当功能，以供进一步开发和研究。