Parasitic diseases still constitute a major global health problem affecting billions of people around the world. These diseases are capable of becoming chronic and result in high morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, millions of people die each year from parasitic diseases, with the bulk of those deaths resulting from parasitic protozoan infections. Leishmaniasis, which is a disease caused by over 20 species of the protozoan parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania, is an important neglected disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 12 million people are currently infected in about 98 countries and about 2 million new cases occur yearly, resulting in about 50,000 deaths each year. Current treatment methods for leishmaniasis are not very effective and often have significant side effects. In this review, we discussed host immunity to leishmaniasis, various treatment options currently being utilized, and the progress of both immunotherapy and vaccine development strategies used so far in leishmaniasis. We concluded with insights into what the future holds toward the fight against this debilitating parasitic disease.

中文翻译：

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利什曼原虫免疫：推进免疫治疗和疫苗开发。

寄生虫病仍然是影响全球数十亿人的主要全球健康问题。这些疾病能够转为慢性并导致高发病率和死亡率。在世界范围内，每年有数百万人死于寄生虫病，其中大部分死亡是由寄生原虫感染引起的。利什曼病是由利什曼原虫属 20 多种原生动物寄生虫引起的疾病，是一种重要的被忽视的疾病。据世界卫生组织(WHO)称，目前约98个国家估计有1200万人被感染，每年新增约200万例，每年导致约5万人死亡。目前治疗利什曼病的方法不是很有效，而且常常有明显的副作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了宿主对利什曼病的免疫、目前正在使用的各种治疗方案，以及迄今为止用于利什曼病的免疫治疗和疫苗开发策略的进展。最后，我们对对抗这种使人衰弱的寄生虫病的未来前景提出了见解。