Although ice-free areas cover only about 0.1% of Antarctica and are characterized by harsh environmental conditions, these regions provide quite diverse conditions for the soil-forming process, having various physical and geochemical properties, and also assuring different conditions for living organisms. This study is aimed to determine existing soil microbial communities, their relationship with soil parameters and the influence of anthropogenic activity in Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica. The soil microbiome was investigated at different locations using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The taxonomic analysis of the soil microbiomes revealed 12 predominant bacterial and archaeal phyla—Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Armatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Thaumarchaeota. Some specific phyla have been also found in sub-surface horizons of soils investigated, thus providing additional evidence of the crucial role of gravel pavement in saving the favorable conditions for both soil and microbiome development. Moreover, our study also revealed that some bacterial species might be introduced into Antarctic soils by human activities. We also assessed the effect of different soil parameters on microbial community in the harsh environmental conditions of Eastern Antarctica. pH, carbon and nitrogen, as well as fine earth content, were revealed as the most accurate predictors of soil bacterial community composition.

中文翻译：

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南极东部拉尔塞曼山的多年冻土土壤中的微生物群落：环境控制和人类影响。

尽管无冰地区仅覆盖南极洲的0.1％并具有恶劣的环境条件，但这些地区为土壤形成过程提供了多种多样的条件，具有各种物理和地球化学特性，并且还确保了生物体的不同条件。这项研究旨在确定南极东部拉尔瑟曼山的现有土壤微生物群落，它们与土壤参数的关系以及人为活动的影响。使用16S rRNA基因焦磷酸测序技术在不同位置研究了土壤微生物组。土壤微生物群系的分类学分析揭示了12种主要细菌和古细菌门-变形杆菌，放线菌，酸性细菌，绿弯曲菌，双歧杆菌，疣状微生物，扁平菌，拟杆菌，Armatimonadetes，Firmicutes，蓝细菌，Thaumarchaeota。在被调查土壤的地下表层中也发现了一些特殊的门，从而为砾石路面在为土壤和微生物组的发展创造有利条件方面的重要作用提供了进一步的证据。此外，我们的研究还表明，人类活动可能会将某些细菌物种引入南极土壤。我们还评估了南极东部恶劣环境条件下不同土壤参数对微生物群落的影响。pH，碳和氮以及细土含量是土壤细菌群落组成最准确的预测指标。因此，提供了更多证据表明砾石路面在为土壤和微生物组的发展节省有利条件方面发挥着关键作用。此外，我们的研究还表明，人类活动可能会将某些细菌物种引入南极土壤。我们还评估了南极东部恶劣环境条件下不同土壤参数对微生物群落的影响。pH，碳和氮以及细土含量是土壤细菌群落组成最准确的预测指标。因此，提供了更多证据表明砾石路面在为土壤和微生物组的发展节省有利条件方面发挥着关键作用。此外，我们的研究还表明，人类活动可能会将某些细菌物种引入南极土壤。我们还评估了南极东部恶劣环境条件下不同土壤参数对微生物群落的影响。pH，碳和氮以及细土含量是土壤细菌群落组成最准确的预测指标。我们还评估了南极东部恶劣环境条件下不同土壤参数对微生物群落的影响。pH，碳和氮以及细土含量是土壤细菌群落组成最准确的预测指标。我们还评估了南极东部恶劣环境条件下不同土壤参数对微生物群落的影响。pH，碳和氮以及细土含量是土壤细菌群落组成最准确的预测指标。