At each round of cell division, the DNA must be correctly duplicated and distributed between the two daughter cells to maintain genome identity. In order to achieve proper chromosome replication and segregation, sister chromatids must be recognized as such and kept together until their separation. This process of cohesion is mainly achieved through proteinaceous linkages of cohesin complexes, which are loaded on the sister chromatids as they are generated during S phase. Cohesion between sister chromatids must be fully removed at anaphase to allow chromosome segregation. Other (non-proteinaceous) sources of cohesion between sister chromatids consist of DNA linkages or sister chromatid intertwines. DNA linkages are a natural consequence of DNA replication, but must be timely resolved before chromosome segregation to avoid the arising of DNA lesions and genome instability, a hallmark of cancer development. As complete resolution of sister chromatid intertwines only occurs during chromosome segregation, it is not clear whether DNA linkages that persist in mitosis are simply an unwanted leftover or whether they have a functional role. In this review, we provide an overview of DNA linkages between sister chromatids, from their origin to their resolution, and we discuss the consequences of a failure in their detection and processing and speculate on their potential role.

中文翻译：

---

后期桥接：并非所有天然纤维都是健康的

在每一轮细胞分裂中，DNA 必须正确复制并分布在两个子细胞之间以保持基因组同一性。为了实现正确的染色体复制和分离，姐妹染色单体必须被识别并保持在一起直到它们分离。这种内聚过程主要是通过粘连蛋白复合物的蛋白质连接实现的，粘连蛋白复合物在 S 期生成时加载在姐妹染色单体上。姐妹染色单体之间的内聚力必须在后期完全去除，以允许染色体分离。姐妹染色单体之间凝聚力的其他（非蛋白质）来源由 DNA 连接或姐妹染色单体交织组成。DNA 连接是 DNA 复制的自然结果，但必须在染色体分离前及时解决，以避免出现 DNA 损伤和基因组不稳定，这是癌症发展的标志。由于姐妹染色单体缠结的完全解析仅在染色体分离期间发生，因此尚不清楚在有丝分裂中持续存在的 DNA 连接是否仅仅是不需要的残留物，或者它们是否具有功能作用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了姐妹染色单体之间的 DNA 联系，从它们的起源到它们的分辨率，我们讨论了它们检测和处理失败的后果，并推测它们的潜在作用。目前尚不清楚在有丝分裂中持续存在的 DNA 连接是否仅仅是不需要的残余物，或者它们是否具有功能性作用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了姐妹染色单体之间的 DNA 联系，从它们的起源到它们的分辨率，我们讨论了它们检测和处理失败的后果，并推测它们的潜在作用。目前尚不清楚在有丝分裂中持续存在的 DNA 连接是否仅仅是不需要的残余物，或者它们是否具有功能性作用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了姐妹染色单体之间的 DNA 联系，从它们的起源到它们的分辨率，我们讨论了它们检测和处理失败的后果，并推测它们的潜在作用。