Mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. japonica), a member of the family Brassicaceae, is rich in various health-beneficial phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates, phenolics, and anthocyanins. However, few studies have been conducted on genes associated with metabolic traits in mizuna. Thus, this study provides a better insight into the metabolic differences between green and red mizuna via the integration of transcriptome and metabolome analyses. A mizuna RNAseq analysis dataset showed 257 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) with a false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.05. These DEGs included the biosynthesis genes of secondary metabolites, such as anthocyanins, glucosinolates, and phenolics. Particularly, the expression of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthetic genes was higher in the green cultivar. In contrast, the expression of most genes related to indolic glucosinolates, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids was higher in the red cultivar. Furthermore, the metabolic analysis showed that 14 glucosinolates, 12 anthocyanins, five phenolics, and two organic acids were detected in both cultivars. The anthocyanin levels were higher in red than in green mizuna, while the glucosinolate levels were higher in green than in red mizuna. Consistent with the results of phytochemical analyses, the transcriptome data revealed that the expression levels of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis genes were significantly higher in red mizuna, while those of the glucosinolate biosynthetic genes were significantly upregulated in green mizuna. A total of 43 metabolites, such as amino acids, carbohydrates, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, organic acids, and amines, was identified and quantified in both cultivars using gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). Among the identified metabolites, sucrose was positively correlated with anthocyanins, as previously reported.

中文翻译：

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绿色和红色Mizuna（Brassica rapa L. var。japonica）的转录组分析和代谢谱分析。

Mizuna（甘蓝型油菜变种japonica）是十字花科的成员，富含各种有益健康的植物化学物质，如芥子油苷，酚类和花色苷。然而，很少有关于与水牛代谢性状相关的基因的研究。因此，本研究通过转录组和代谢组学分析的整合，为绿色和红色水z鱼之间的代谢差异提供了更好的见识。一个mizuna RNAseq分析数据集显示257个差异表达的单基因（DEG），错误发现率（FDR）<0.05。这些DEG包括次级代谢产物的生物合成基因，例如花青素，芥子油苷和酚类。特别地，在绿色栽培品种中，脂肪族芥子油苷生物合成基因的表达更高。相反，大多数与吲哚芥子油苷相关的基因的表达 红色品种的苯丙烷和类黄酮含量较高。此外，代谢分析表明，在两个品种中均检测到14个芥子油苷，12个花色苷，5个酚类和2个有机酸。红色的花色苷水平高于绿色的Mizuna，而绿色的芥子油苷水平高于红色的Mizuna。与植物化学分析结果一致，转录组数据显示，红色水z中苯丙烷和类黄酮生物合成基因的表达水平显着升高，而绿色水z中芥子油苷生物合成基因的表达水平显着上调。总共43种代谢物，例如氨基酸，碳水化合物，三羧酸（TCA）循环中间体，有机酸和胺，使用气相色谱-飞行时间质谱（GC-TOFMS）在两个品种中进行了鉴定和定量分析。如先前报道，在鉴定出的代谢产物中，蔗糖与花色苷呈正相关。