First description of betalains biosynthesis in an aquatic organism: characterization of 4,5-DOPA-extradiol-dioxygenase activity in the cyanobacteria Anabaena cylindrica.,Microbial Biotechnology

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First description of betalains biosynthesis in an aquatic organism: characterization of 4,5-DOPA-extradiol-dioxygenase activity in the cyanobacteria Anabaena cylindrica.
Microbial Biotechnology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 , DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13641
María Alejandra Guerrero-Rubio ₁ , Francisco García-Carmona ₁ , Fernando Gandía-Herrero ₁

Affiliation

The biosynthesis of betalamic acid, the structural unit of pigments betalains, is performed by enzymes with 4,5‐DOPA‐extradiol‐dioxygenase activity. These enzymes were believed to be limited to plants of the order Caryophyllales and to some fungi. However, the discovery of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus as the first betalain‐forming bacterium opened a new field in the search for novel biological systems able to produce betalains. This paper describes molecular and functional characterization of a novel dioxygenase enzyme from the aquatic cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica. The enzyme was found to be a homodimer of a polypeptide of 17.8 kDa that, opposite to previous related enzymes, showed a strong inhibition by excess of the precursor L‐DOPA. However, its heterologous expression has allowed detecting the formation of the main compounds in the biosynthetic pathway of betalains. In addition, phylogenetic analysis has shown that this enzyme is not close related to enzymes from plants, fungi or proteobacteria such as G. diazotrophicus. The presence of enzymes that produce these health‐promoting compounds is more diverse than expected. The discovery of this novel dioxygenase in the phylum cyanobacteria expands the presence of betalamic acid‐forming enzymes in organisms of different nature with no apparent relationship among them.

中文翻译：

水生生物中甜菜碱生物合成的首次描述：蓝藻鱼腥藻中 4,5-DOPA-extradiol-dioxygenase 活性的表征。

甜菜红素色素的结构单元倍他氨酸的生物合成是由具有 4,5-DOPA-extradiol-dioxygenase 活性的酶进行的。这些酶被认为仅限于石竹目植物和某些真菌。然而，固氮葡萄糖醋杆菌作为第一种形成甜菜红素的细菌的发现，为寻找能够生产甜菜红素的新型生物系统开辟了一个新领域。本文描述了来自水生蓝藻鱼腥藻的新型双加氧酶的分子和功能特性。该酶被发现是 17.8 kDa 多肽的同二聚体，与之前的相关酶相反，过量的前体 L-DOPA 表现出强烈的抑制作用。然而，其异源表达使得能够检测甜菜红素生物合成途径中主要化合物的形成。此外，系统发育分析表明，这种酶与来自植物、真菌或变形菌（例如固氮地杆菌）的酶没有密切关系。产生这些促进健康的化合物的酶的存在比预期更加多样化。在蓝藻门中发现这种新型双加氧酶扩大了不同性质的生物体中β-酰胺酸形成酶的存在，但它们之间没有明显的关系。

更新日期：2020-10-05

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