In a healthy person, metabolically quiescent T lymphocytes (T cells) circulate between lymph nodes and peripheral tissues in search of antigens. Upon infection, some T cells will encounter cognate antigens followed by proliferation and clonal expansion in a context‐dependent manner, to become effector T cells. These events are accompanied by changes in cellular metabolism, known as metabolic reprogramming. The magnitude and variation of metabolic reprogramming are, in addition to antigens, dependent on factors such as nutrients and oxygen to ensure host survival during various diseases. Herein, we describe how metabolic programmes define T cell subset identity and effector functions. In addition, we will discuss how metabolic programs can be modulated and affect T cell activity in health and disease using cancer and autoimmunity as examples.

中文翻译：

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细胞代谢决定着T细胞效应子在健康和疾病中的作用。

在健康人中，代谢静止的T淋巴细胞（T细胞）在淋巴结和周围组织之间循环以寻找抗原。感染后，一些T细胞将遇到关联抗原，然后以上下文依赖的方式增殖和克隆扩增，成为效应T细胞。这些事件伴随着细胞代谢的变化，称为代谢重编程。除抗原外，代谢重编程的程度和变化还取决于营养素和氧气等因素，以确保宿主在各种疾病中的存活。在这里，我们描述了代谢程序如何定义T细胞亚群的身份和效应功能。此外，我们将以癌症和自身免疫为例，讨论如何调节代谢程序并影响健康和疾病中的T细胞活性。