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Multifaceted functional diversity for multifaceted crop yield: Towards ecological assembly rules for varietal mixtures
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-07 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13735 Germain Montazeaud 1, 2 , Cyrille Violle 3 , Pierre Roumet 1 , Aline Rocher 1 , Martin Ecarnot 1 , Frédéric Compan 1 , Guillaume Maillet 1 , Florian Fort 2 , Hélène Fréville 1
中文翻译：
多方面的功能多样性，实现多方面的农作物产量：制定品种混合物的生态装配规则
更新日期：2020-08-07
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-07 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13735 Germain Montazeaud 1, 2 , Cyrille Violle 3 , Pierre Roumet 1 , Aline Rocher 1 , Martin Ecarnot 1 , Frédéric Compan 1 , Guillaume Maillet 1 , Florian Fort 2 , Hélène Fréville 1
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- Ecological theories suggest that higher plant genetic diversity can increase productivity in natural ecosystems. So far, varietal mixtures, that is, the cultivation of different genotypes within a field, have shown contrasting results, notably for grain yield where both positive and negative mixing effects have been reported. Such discrepancy between ecological theories and agronomical applications calls for a better understanding of plant–plant interactions in crops.
- Using durum wheat Triticum turgidum ssp. durum as a model species, we investigated the effect of functional trait composition on productivity and grain quality of varietal mixtures by growing 179 highly diverse genotypes in pure stands and 197 two‐way mixtures in field conditions. We quantified the agronomic performance of the mixtures relative to their components grown in pure stands on two variables related to productivity, vegetative biomass yield and grain yield, and one variable related to grain quality, grain protein content. We then analysed the relationship between the relative performance of the mixtures and their functional composition that we characterized with trait means and trait differences on 19 above‐ and below‐ground traits.
- We found that biomass and grain yield increased by 4% overall in mixtures relative to single varieties, but that mixing effects were non‐significant for grain protein content. The combined effects of trait means and trait differences explained 12%, 17% and 22% of the variability of relative grain yield, biomass yield and grain protein content, respectively, with different traits affecting productivity and grain quality. Clustering varieties into functional groups allowed us to identify the most beneficial associations for multifaceted agronomic performance.
- Synthesis and applications. Functional traits explained a significant part of the relative agronomic performance of mixtures compared to monocultures (12%–22%, depending on the yield component). They can thus serve as a basis to identify groups of varieties whose combinations are expected to generate positive mixing effects, especially for productivity, and without compromising grain quality. Selection could then target convergence between groups for some traits and divergence between groups for other traits using empirically derived relationships between functional traits and agronomic performance as a guideline.
中文翻译：
多方面的功能多样性，实现多方面的农作物产量：制定品种混合物的生态装配规则
- 生态学理论表明，更高的植物遗传多样性可以提高自然生态系统的生产力。到目前为止，品种混合，即田间不同基因型的栽培已显示出相反的结果，特别是对于谷物产量，其中已报道了正和负混合效应。生态理论与农学应用之间的这种差异要求对作物中植物间相互作用的更好理解。
- 使用硬粒小麦Triticum turgidum ssp。作为硬粒种，我们通过在纯林中生长179种高度多样化的基因型和在田间条件下种植197种双向混合物，研究了功能性状组成对品种混合物生产力和籽粒品质的影响。我们通过与生产力相关的两个变量（营养生物量和谷物产量），以及与谷物质量，谷物蛋白质含量相关的两个变量，对混合物相对于纯林中生长的组分的农艺性能进行了量化。然后，我们分析了混合物的相对性能与其功能组成之间的关系，我们用特征平均值和19种地上和地下特征的特征差异来表征了混合物。
- 我们发现，与单一品种相比，混合物中的生物量和谷物总产量总体上提高了4％，但是混合效应对谷物蛋白含量无显着影响。性状均值和性状差异的综合作用分别解释了相对籽粒产量，生物量产量和籽粒蛋白质含量变异性的12％，17％和22％，其中不同的性状影响生产力和籽粒品质。将品种聚类为功能组使我们能够确定最有利于多方面农艺表现的关联。
- 综合与应用。与单一栽培相比，功能性状解释了混合物相对农艺性能的重要部分（12％–22％，取决于产量成分）。因此，它们可以作为识别品种组合的基础，这些品种的组合有望产生积极的混合效果，尤其是对于生产率而言，并且不会影响谷物质量。然后，选择可以针对某些性状在群体之间趋同，而针对其他性状在群体之间趋于分歧，这是根据经验得出的功能性状与农艺性能之间的关系得出的。
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