In the current study, we examined adult neurogenesis throughout the brain of the common ostrich (Struthio camelus) and emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) using immunohistochemistry for the endogenous markers PCNA which labels proliferating cells, and DCX, which stains immature and migrating neurons. The distribution of PCNA and DCX labelled cells was widespread throughout the brain of both species. The highest density of cells immunoreactive to both markers was observed in the olfactory bulbs and the telencephalon, especially the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle. Proliferative hot spots, identified with strong PCNA and DCX immunolabelling, were identified in the dorsal and ventral poles of the rostral aspects of the lateral ventricles. The density of PCNA immunoreactive cells was less in the telencephalon of the emu compared to the common ostrich. Substantial numbers of PCNA immunoreactive cells were observed in the diencephalon and brainstem, but DCX immunoreactivity was weaker in these regions, preferentially staining axons and dendrites over cell bodies, except in the medial regions of the hypothalamus where distinct DCX immunoreactive cells and fibres were observed. PCNA and DCX immunoreactive cells were readily observed in moderate density in the cortical layers of the cerebellum of both species. The distribution of putative proliferating cells and immature neurons in the brain of the common ostrich and the emu is widespread, far more so than in mammals, and compares with the neognathous birds, and suggests that brain plasticity and neuronal turnover is an important aspect of cognitive brain functions in these birds.

中文翻译：

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古颌鸟类的假定成体神经发生：普通鸵鸟（ Struthio camelus ）和鸸鹋（ Dromaius novaehollandiae ）

在目前的研究中，我们使用免疫组织化学方法检测了普通鸵鸟 (Struthio camelus) 和鸸鹋 (Dromaius novaehollandiae) 大脑的成体神经发生，内源性标记物 PCNA 用于标记增殖细胞，而 DCX 用于染色未成熟和迁移神经元。PCNA 和 DCX 标记的细胞分布在两个物种的大脑中。在嗅球和端脑，尤其是侧脑室的脑室下区，观察到对这两种标记物具有免疫反应性的细胞密度最高。在侧脑室嘴侧的背侧和腹侧极中鉴定了具有强 PCNA 和 DCX 免疫标记的增殖热点。与普通鸵鸟相比，鸸鹋端脑中 PCNA 免疫反应细胞的密度较低。在间脑和脑干中观察到大量 PCNA 免疫反应性细胞，但这些区域的 DCX 免疫反应性较弱，优先染色轴突和树突而不是细胞体，除了在下丘脑的中间区域观察到不同的 DCX 免疫反应性细胞和纤维。在两种物种的小脑皮质层中，很容易观察到中等密度的 PCNA 和 DCX 免疫反应细胞。普通鸵鸟和鸸鹋大脑中推定的增殖细胞和未成熟神经元分布广泛，远多于哺乳动物，与新生鸟类相比，