Illicit drug-related incidents such as traffic accidents and sexual assaults are gaining epidemic proportions worldwide. Besides, there is the rampant use of drugs at some critical workplaces, which can result in serious safety breaches. As a result, point-of-care diagnostic and monitoring devices are becoming increasingly important for clinical diagnostics, onsite investigation of crime, workplace testing of personnel, and roadside drug detection to prevent driving under the influence. This review focuses on the recent state of rapid and real-time diagnostics of the most common illicit drugs such as cocaine (COC), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), methamphetamine, amphetamine, fentanyl, opioids (morphine, codeine), heroin, and benzodiazepine (alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, oxazepam, and clonazepam), using colorimetric, fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical, and lateral flow assay (LFA). It also discusses the possible evolution of some of these techniques for the rapid detection of drugs at ultra-low levels, thereby giving an insight into the future of sensor technology.

与非法毒品有关的事件，例如交通事故和性侵犯，在世界范围内越来越流行。此外，某些关键工作场所普遍使用毒品，这可能会导致严重的安全隐患。结果，现场护理诊断和监视设备对于临床诊断，犯罪现场调查，人员工作场所测试以及路边毒品检测以防止在这种影响下驾驶变得越来越重要。这篇综述着重于对最常见的非法药物如可卡因（COC），四氢大麻酚（THC），甲基苯丙胺，苯丙胺，芬太尼，阿片类药物（吗啡，可待因），海洛因和苯并二氮杂（使用比色法，荧光法，阿普唑仑，氯二氮卓，地西epa，奥沙西m和氯硝西））拉曼光谱，电化学和侧向流动分析（LFA）。它还讨论了其中一些用于快速检测药物的技术的可能发展。超低水平，从而洞悉传感器技术的未来。