Species with high mobility may have low genetic differentiation among populations due to historical long-distance dispersal, but recent studies show that bat dispersal may be affected by habitat loss and fragmentation. Here, we analyze the effects of landscape contemporary changes and dynamics in paleodistribution during the Quaternary on genetic diversity and differentiation in the Pallas’ long-tongued bat, Glossophaga soricina. We sampled 18 populations in landscapes with different land cover, and used nine microsatellite loci and the sequence of a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (CYB) to obtain genetic data. We performed ecological niche modelling and used general linear mixed models and optimization of multiple resistance surfaces to analyze how landscape structure and climatic suitability affect genetic diversity and differentiation. Our results show that the conversion of natural vegetation, such as forests and savannas, to agriculture, pastures or urban matrices (unsuitable habitats) decreases genetic diversity and increases inbreeding, but has no effect on genetic differentiation among populations, that was likely affected by spatial distance. Our findings point to the importance of maintenance of large areas of natural vegetation remnants to conserve genetic diversity of G. soricina, an important bat pollinator in the Neotropics.

由于历史上的长距离扩散，高迁移率物种的种群间遗传分化可能较低，但是最近的研究表明，蝙蝠的扩散可能受到栖息地丧失和破碎的影响。在这里，我们分析了第四纪期间当代景观变化和古地理分布动态对帕拉斯长舌蝙蝠Glossophaga soricina的遗传多样性和分化的影响。我们在具有不同土地覆被的景观中采样了18个种群，并使用了9个微卫星基因座以及线粒体基因细胞色素b（CYB）以获得遗传数据。我们进行了生态位建模，并使用通用的线性混合模型和多个阻力面的优化来分析景观结构和气候适宜性如何影响遗传多样性和分化。我们的结果表明，自然植被（例如森林和稀树草原）向农业，牧场或城市基质（不合适的栖息地）的转化减少了遗传多样性并增加了近亲繁殖，但对种群之间的遗传分化没有影响，这很可能受空间影响距离。我们的发现指出维护大面积的自然植被残留物以保护新热带地区重要的蝙蝠传粉者G. soricina的遗传多样性的重要性。