Abstract This work aims to propose a sustainable green process to obtain bio-derived carbons (BDCs) for utilization in supercapacitors. The process consists in carrying out solar pyrolysis to produce BDCs from abundant lignocellulosic wastes, Agave Angustifolia leaves and pruned tomato plant. Concentrated solar radiation from a high flux solar furnace was utilized to reach sample temperatures between 450 and 1564 °C in a spherical reactor. Before pyrolysis, both wastes were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis to semi-quantify cellulose and hemicellulose as well as ash content. XRD was used to determine the ash composition in both wastes, and the effect of solar pyrolysis temperature on the obtained BDCs. Additional structural properties of BDCs were analyzed by SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and physisorption. Elemental analysis and EDAX were used to determine the chemical composition of wastes, and the effect of this on BDCs. Electrochemical properties of BDCs were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry in half cells, and those showing better performance were also tested in supercapacitor cells. Results show that BDCs from tomato plant waste have higher surface areas, with well-developed microporosity, without needing an additional activation process. This is attributed to self-activation during pyrolysis, produced by the high K and Ca content of the tomato plant pruning. Ragone plots indicate that the assembled supercapacitor cells employing the best BDCs from solar pyrolysis have specific energies and power values similar to a commercial carbon designed for supercapacitors. These results indicate that the proposed green procedure is suitable for obtaining BDCs with properties suitable for supercapacitors.

中文翻译：

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通过太阳能热解可持续生产自活化生物衍生碳，用于超级电容器

摘要 这项工作旨在提出一种可持续的绿色工艺来获得用于超级电容器的生物衍生碳（BDCs）。该过程包括进行太阳能热解以从丰富的木质纤维素废物、龙舌兰叶片和修剪后的番茄植物中生产 BDC。来自高通量太阳能炉的集中太阳辐射被用来在球形反应器中达到 450 到 1564 °C 之间的样品温度。在热解之前，两种废物都通过热重分析进行表征，以对纤维素和半纤维素以及灰分含量进行半定量。XRD 用于确定两种废物中的灰分组成，以及太阳能热解温度对获得的 BDC 的影响。通过 SEM、拉曼光谱和物理吸附分析了 BDC 的其他结构特性。元素分析和 EDAX 用于确定废物的化学成分及其对 BDC 的影响。BDCs 的电化学特性在半电池中通过循环伏安法进行分析，表现出更好性能的那些也在超级电容器电池中进行了测试。结果表明，来自番茄植物废料的 BDCs 具有更高的表面积，微孔发达，无需额外的活化过程。这归因于热解过程中的自激活，由番茄植株修剪的高钾和钙含量产生。Ragone 图表明，采用来自太阳能热解的最佳 BDC 组装的超级电容器电池具有类似于为超级电容器设计的商业碳的特定能量和功率值。