Flexible and stretchable batteries are the essential energy storage system to power wearable and epidermal electronics. A key component in flexible batteries is deformable electrodes that can sustain large and repeated stretches and maintain satisfactory electrochemical performance. Existing solutions to deformable electrodes often involve complex fabrication approaches, leading to high cost and thus limiting their widespread use. It is highly desirable to fabricate high performance deformable electrodes via a low-cost manufacturing approach. Here, we report 3D-printed LFP/LTO electrodes with satisfactory electrochemical performance and mechanical durability under large and repeated stretches. We show that, after 100 stretch-release cycles, 92% and 88% capacity retention could be obtained for the half cells with the suitably patterned and printed LFP cathode and LTO anode during 100 discharge/charge cycles. More importantly, a pouch cell battery with the suitably patterned and printed LFP/LTO electrodes exhibit a high discharge capacity of around 120 ​mAh g⁻¹ at 0.3 ​C, as well as remarkable deformability. The facile 3D printing of the suitably patterned electrodes leads to low-cost manufacturing of high performance deformable electrodes, demonstrating the promising potential of such printed electrodes to enable stretchable and flexible energy storage devices to be used in soft robotics, wearable, and bio-integrated electronics.

柔性和可拉伸电池是为可穿戴和表皮电子设备供电的必不可少的能量存储系统。柔性电池中的关键组件是可变形电极，该电极可承受较大且重复的拉伸并保持令人满意的电化学性能。现有的可变形电极的解决方案通常涉及复杂的制造方法，导致高成本并因此限制了它们的广泛使用。迫切需要通过低成本的制造方法来制造高性能的可变形电极。在这里，我们报告了3D打印的LFP / LTO电极在大的和重复的拉伸下具有令人满意的电化学性能和机械耐久性。我们表明，在100次拉伸释放循环后，在100个放电/充电周期中，具有适当图案和印刷的LFP阴极和LTO阳极的半电池可获得92％和88％的容量保持率。更重要的是，具有适当图案和印刷LFP / LTO电极的袋式电池具有约120 mAh g的高放电容量在0.3摄氏度下为^-1，并且具有显着的可变形性。适当图案化的电极的便捷3D打印导致高性能可变形电极的低成本制造，这证明了此类印刷电极的潜力巨大，可将可拉伸和灵活的能量存储设备用于软机器人，可穿戴和生物集成电子产品。