The aim of the study was to discuss the diagnostic value of gastric aspirate culture of early-onset sepsis in premature neonates. A retrospective study was conducted for 600 premature neonates of predisposing high-risk factors (gestation age from 28 to 35 weeks) hospitalized in neonatal unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The culture of gastric aspirate was performed within 24 h after birth. The sepsis group and nonsepsis group were divided by diagnosis given by 3 neonatologists. The specificity of gastric aspirate on diagnosis of sepsis was analyzed. The positive rate of gastric aspirate culture in sepsis group was higher than nonsepsis group (P < 0.05). The incidence of sepsis (P < 0.05) and positive rate of gastric aspirate culture (P < 0.05) were higher after vaginal delivery. Escherichia coli were the dominant bacteria after vaginal delivery. For premature neonates born vaginally, gastric aspirate culture may have diagnostic value for sepsis.

本研究的目的是讨论早产儿早发性败血症的胃穿刺培养的诊断价值。对温州医科大学第一附属医院新生儿科住院的600例易感高危因素早产儿（胎龄28～35周）进行回顾性研究。出生后24小时内进行胃液培养。脓毒症组和非脓毒症组根据 3 名新生儿科医师的诊断进行划分。分析胃液对脓毒症诊断的特异性。脓毒症组胃液培养阳性率高于非脓毒症组（P < 0.05）。脓毒症发生率（P < 0.05）及胃液培养阳性率（P< 0.05) 在阴道分娩后更高。阴道分娩后大肠杆菌是优势菌。对于阴道出生的早产儿，胃穿刺培养可能对脓毒症有诊断价值。