The mineral composition of ferromanganese crusts from Belyaevsky Volcano in the Central Basin of the Sea of Japan has been studied. The crusts have diverse structures and a complex polymineral composition. Along with the previously known todorokite, birnessite, manganite, pyrolusite, and vernadite, we determined rhodochrosite, quenselite, manganosite, hetaerolite, manganotantalite, and tungomelane for the first time. The group of accessory minerals includes magnetite, titanomagnetite, hematite, titanohematite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, monazite, cerianite, and baddeleyite. Copper gold was recognized for the first time in manganese breccia. The origin of manganese minerals was caused by low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, which supplied metals and defined local conditions and intermittent growth of manganese crusts. Sapropel organic matter of siliceous–clayey carbonaceous sediments in the Cenozoic sequences of the deep basin could be a source of metals and the reason for the suboxidizing environments of crystallization of some manganese (manganite, todorokite, and birnessite) and accessory (intermetallics, sulfides, and native elements) minerals.

中文翻译：

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日本海别利亚耶夫斯基火山锰矿床中的矿物

研究了日本海中部盆地别列耶夫斯基火山的锰铁结壳的矿物成分。地壳结构多样，矿物成分复杂。连同先前已知的硅锰矿，水钠锰矿，锰矿，软锰矿和绿铅矿，我们首次确定了菱锰矿，方石英，锰铁矿，杂铁矿，锰铁矿石和硅铁矿。辅助矿物质的组包括磁铁矿，钛磁铁矿，赤铁矿，钛赤铁矿，黄铁矿，黄铁矿，方铅矿，独居石，铈陶石和铜铁矿。铜金首次在锰角砾岩中得到认可。锰矿物的起源是由低温热液引起的，该流体提供了金属并确定了局部条件和锰结壳的间歇性生长。