Industrial symbiosis network (ISN) facilitation tools seek to holistically evaluate the environmental and economic performance of ISNs through life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC). ISNs have many stakeholders with diverse interests in the LCA and LCC results thus requiring multi-level analysis. The objective of this review was to examine the state-of-the-art methodologies used in LCAs and LCCs of ISNs and understand how multi-level analysis can be conducted. The systematic literature review methodology was applied to develop a corpus of peer-reviewed LCA and LCC studies of ISNs published between 2010 and 2019 without any geographic boundary. Abstracts were reviewed to shortlist studies that conducted an LCA or LCC of an ISN with numerical results. LCA and LCC methodologies used in the shortlisted studies were collected and categorized. Each methodology was examined to understand how the foreground and background systems are represented, how waste-to-resource exchanges are analyzed, and how the results can be computed at the network, entity, and flow levels. The review yielded 42 LCA studies and 11 LCC studies of ISNs that used eight different methodologies. Process-based LCA was used in 71% of the LCA studies, whereas tiered hybrid LCA was used in 14% of the studies. Waste-to-resource exchanges in ISN scenarios were represented either through process analysis or as a black box. Fewer LCC studies that evaluate the economic performance of ISNs exist compared with LCA studies. Economic studies often evaluated financial feasibility, net present value, profitability, or payback period of specific waste-to-resource exchanges or the network overall. The insights derived from this review chart future areas of research in multi-level modeling and analysis of the life cycle environmental and economic performance of ISNs. To improve the model construction and analysis process, research should be explored in developing a methodology for constructing a single model that represents multiple entities linked together by waste-to-resource exchanges and can provide LCA and LCC results for different stakeholder perspectives. The lack of LCC studies of ISNs merits the need for more research in this area at both the network and entity levels to quantify potential economic trade-offs between stakeholders. Developing a methodology for unified LCA and LCC modeling and analysis of ISNs can help ISN facilitation tool developers conduct simultaneous life cycle environmental and economic analysis of the potential symbiosis connections identified and how they contribute to the overall network.

中文翻译：

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工业共生网络的生命周期环境和经济评估：通过多层次分析镜头回顾过去十年的模型和计算方法

工业共生网络 (ISN) 促进工具寻求通过生命周期评估 (LCA) 和生命周期成本计算 (LCC) 来全面评估 ISN 的环境和经济绩效。ISN 有许多利益相关者，他们对 LCA 和 LCC 结果有着不同的兴趣，因此需要多层次的分析。本次审查的目的是检查 LCA 和 ISN 的 LCC 中使用的最先进方法，并了解如何进行多级分析。应用系统的文献综述方法来开发 2010 年至 2019 年间发表的 ISN 同行评审 LCA 和 LCC 研究的语料库，没有任何地理边界。对摘要进行审查，以筛选出对 ISN 进行 LCA 或 LCC 并获得数值结果的研究。对入围研究中使用的 LCA 和 LCC 方法进行了收集和分类。检查了每种方法，以了解如何表示前台和后台系统，如何分析废物与资源的交换，以及如何在网络、实体和流级别计算结果。审查产生了 42 项 LCA 研究和 11 项 ISN 的 LCC 研究，这些研究使用了八种不同的方法。71% 的 LCA 研究使用了基于过程的 LCA，而 14% 的研究使用了分层混合 LCA。ISN 情景中的废物资源交换通过过程分析或黑匣子表示。与 LCA 研究相比，评估 ISN 经济绩效的 LCC 研究较少。经济研究经常评估财务可行性、净现值、盈利能力、或特定废物资源交换或整个网络的投资回收期。从这篇评论中得出的见解描绘了 ISN 生命周期环境和经济绩效的多层次建模和分析的未来研究领域。为了改进模型构建和分析过程，应该探索研究构建单一模型的方法，该模型代表通过废物资源交换连接在一起的多个实体，并可以为不同利益相关者的观点提供 LCA 和 LCC 结果。由于缺乏对 ISN 的 LCC 研究，因此需要在网络和实体层面在该领域进行更多研究，以量化利益相关者之间潜在的经济权衡。