Purpose

The knowledge about the impact of BPA on soil health does not correspond to the great interest in its analogues. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the potentially negative impact of BPA on the biochemical properties of soil. The study also evaluated the effectiveness of two biostimulants in eliminating potential homeostasis disorders caused by BPA.

Materials and methods

A pot experiment was conducted under supervised conditions. BPA at five contamination levels was added to the soil of the granulometric composition of sandy loam at 0, 0.1, 2, 40 and 800 mg BPA kg⁻¹ of a dry matter (DM) of soil. The biochemical activity of the soil was interpreted through the activity of dehydrogenases (Deh), urease (Ure), catalase (Cat), acid phosphatase (Pac), alkaline phosphatase (Pal), arylsulphatase (Aryl) and β-glucosidase (Glu) whose activity was determined on days 5, 15 and 45 of the study. The biostimulative potential of Chlorella sp. and rhamnolipid 90 (which eliminates the undesirable effects of BPA on the parameters) was expressed with IF_B—the factor of the impact of increasing of bisphenol (BP) soil contamination levels. The response of spring barley to increasing BPA pressure was analysed with the plant resistance index (RS). The study was made more comprehensive by determination of the macronutrient content in the plants.

Results and discussion

The sensitivity of individual enzymes to increasing bisphenol pressure on the 45th day of the experiment can be arranged in the following sequence: Deh > Ure > Glu > Pac > Cat > Aryl > Pal. Biostimulation of soil with Chlorella sp. gave better results than with rhamnolipid 90. A compilation of BPA 800 mg BPA kg⁻¹ DM of soil and Chlorella sp. brought about an increase in the activity of Glu on the 45th day of the experiment and Pac, Pal and Aryl on the 5th day. Only at this contamination level did BPA stimulate the crop growth in all the parallel plots except in those biostimulated by Chlorella sp. Only algae significantly reduced the negative BPA impact on the N, Ca and K content in spring barley.

Conclusions

The experiment emphasised the significant inhibitory impact of BPA on the biochemical activity of soil which, in consequence, upset the microbial balance of soil processes. Chlorella sp. played a more important role in maintaining the soil homeostasis than rhamnolipid 90, which did not correspond to its negative impact on the yield of spring barley.

中文翻译：

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小球藻的作用 和鼠李糖脂90维持双酚A污染的土壤中的稳态

目的

关于双酚A对土壤健康影响的知识与对它的类似物的兴趣不大。因此，进行了一项研究以确定BPA对土壤生化特性的潜在负面影响。该研究还评估了两种生物刺激物在消除BPA引起的潜在稳态失衡方面的有效性。

材料和方法

在有监督的条件下进行盆实验。将五种污染水平的BPA添加到土壤壤土中的土壤成分为0、0.1、2、40和800 mg BPA kg ^-1的干物质（DM）。土壤的生化活性通过脱氢酶（Deh），脲酶（Ure），过氧化氢酶（Cat），酸性磷酸酶（Pac），碱性磷酸酶（Pal），芳基硫酸酯酶（Aryl）和β-葡萄糖苷酶（Glu）的活性来解释在研究的第5、15和45天确定其活性。小球藻的生物刺激潜力。鼠李糖脂90（消除了BPA对参数的不良影响）用IF _B表示—双酚（BP）土壤污染水平增加的影响因素。利用植物抗性指数（RS）分析了大麦对BPA压力升高的响应。通过确定植物中的大量营养素含量可以使研究更加全面。

结果和讨论

在实验的第45天，各种酶对双酚压力升高的敏感性可以按以下顺序排列：Deh> Ure> Glu> Pac> Cat> Aryl> Pal。小球藻对土壤的生物刺激。与鼠李糖脂90相比，结果更好。BPA 800 mg BPA kg ^-1 DM的土壤和小球藻的汇编。在实验的第45天增加了Glu的活性，在实验的第5天增加了Pac，Pal和Aryl的活性。只有在这种污染水平下，BPA才能在所有平行地块上刺激作物生长，除了由绿藻（Chlorella sp）生物刺激的地块之外。只有藻类显着降低了BPA对春季大麦中N，Ca和K含量的不利影响。

结论

实验强调了BPA对土壤生化活性的显着抑制作用，因此破坏了土壤过程的微生物平衡。小球藻藻。在保持土壤稳态方面比鼠李糖脂90具有更重要的作用，鼠李糖脂90对鼠李的产量没有负面影响。