Members of the cellulose synthase (CesA) and cellulose synthase–like (Csl) families from the cellulose synthase gene superfamily participate in cellulose and hemicellulose synthesis in the plasma membrane. The members of this superfamily are vital for cell wall construction during plant growth and development. However, little is known about their function in pear fruit, a model for Rosaceae species and for fleshy fruit development. In our research, a total of 36 CesA/Csl family members were identified from the pear and were grouped into six subfamilies (CesA, CslB, CslC, CslD, CslE, and CslG) according to phylogenetic relationships. We performed a protein sequence physicochemical analysis, phylogenetic tree construction, a gene structure, a conserved domain, and chromosomal localization analysis. The results indicated that most of the CesA/Csl genes from pear are closely related to genes in Arabidopsis, but these families have unique characteristics in terms of their gene structure, chromosomal localization, phylogeny, and deduced protein sequences, suggesting that they have evolved through different processes. Tissue expression analysis results showed that most of the CesA/Csl genes were constitutively expressed at different levels in different organs. Furthermore, the expression levels of four genes (Pbr032894.2, Pbr016107.1, Pbr00518.1, and Pbr034218.1) tended to first increase and then decrease during fruit development, implying that these four genes may be involved in the development of stone cells of pear fruit. Our results may help elucidate the evolutionary history and functional differences of the CesA/Csl genes in pear and lay a foundation for further investigation of the CesA/Csl genes in pear and other Rosaceae species.

中文翻译：

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全基因组的纤维素合酶基因超家族的表征，并揭示其在石细胞形成中的潜在作用。

来自纤维素合酶基因超家族的纤维素合酶（CesA）和类纤维素合酶（Csl）家族成员参与质膜中的纤维素和半纤维素合成。这个超家族的成员对于植物生长和发育期间细胞壁的构建至关重要。然而，关于它们在梨果实中的功能所知甚少，梨果实是蔷薇科物种和果肉发育的模型。在我们的研究中，共有36个CesA / Csl家族成员从梨中鉴定出来，并根据系统发育关系分为六个亚家族（CesA，CslB，CslC，CslD，CslE和CslG）。我们进行了蛋白质序列理化分析，系统树构建，基因结构，保守结构域和染色体定位分析。结果表明，梨中的大多数CesA / Csl基因与拟南芥中的基因密切相关，但是这些家族在基因结构，染色体定位，系统发育和推导的蛋白质序列方面具有独特的特征，表明它们是通过不同的过程。组织表达分析结果表明，大多数CesA / Csl基因在不同器官中以不同水平组成性表达。此外，在果实发育过程中，四个基因（Pbr032894.2，Pbr016107.1，Pbr00518.1和Pbr034218.1）的表达水平倾向于先升高然后降低，这意味着这四个基因可能参与了结石的发育。梨果实细胞。我们的结果可能有助于阐明梨中CesA / Csl基因的进化历史和功能差异，并为进一步研究梨和其他蔷薇科植物CesA / Csl基因奠定基础。