The popularity of nanotechnology results from the possibility of obtaining materials that have better chemical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, or optical properties. Until recently, nanoparticles were produced in batch processes. Numerous methods of nanomaterial synthesis have been described in the literature; however, the production of nanomaterials on a larger scale is still limited. The advantages of using flow processes are the possibilities of increasing the operating efficiency of the installation, which would respond to the growing demand for nanomaterials, as well as maintaining high purity products with well-defined physical and chemical properties. This review presents the latest achievements in the flow synthesis of metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, semiconductors and complex inorganic structures. Depending on the energy source, the products differ in size, shape, dispersion and stability, which determine their future properties. The choice of type of reactor prevents clogging of the reactor and deposition of particles on the walls of the channel. The purpose of this work is to analyze the state of knowledge regarding the production of inorganic nanoparticles by flow methods. This work is a review of the types of reactors used to obtain nanoparticles and the benefits and limitations of their use in industry. The introduction of flow technologies for obtaining nanoparticles can play an important role in the development of ecological and sustainable processes for obtaining nanomaterials, and the methods presented are part of the Flow Chemistry trend. Finally, this Review covers future directions of flow nanoparticle synthesis with conclusions and outlook.

中文翻译：

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流动反应器中的无机纳米粒子合成-应用和未来方向

纳米技术的普及源于获得具有更好的化学，电，热，机械或光学特性的材料的可能性。直到最近，纳米颗粒还是以批处理方式生产。文献中已经描述了多种纳米材料合成方法。但是，纳米材料的大规模生产仍然受到限制。使用流动工艺的优势在于可以提高设备的运行效率，这将响应对纳米材料不断增长的需求，并保持具有明确定义的物理和化学特性的高纯度产品。这篇综述介绍了在金属纳米粒子，金属氧化物，半导体和复杂的无机结构的流合成中的最新成就。根据能源，产品的尺寸，形状，分散性和稳定性不同，这决定了它们的未来性能。反应器类型的选择可防止反应器堵塞和颗粒沉积在通道壁上。这项工作的目的是分析有关通过流动方法生产无机纳米粒子的知识状态。这项工作是对用于获得纳米粒子的反应器类型及其在工业中使用的好处和局限性的综述。引进用于获得纳米粒子的流动技术可以在生态和可持续的获取纳米材料的过程的发展中发挥重要作用，并且所提出的方法是流动化学趋势的一部分。最后，本综述通过总结和展望涵盖了流动纳米颗粒合成的未来方向。