Synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) is an ultra-clean fuel with low aromatic content and negligible quantities of sulfur compounds. Although, SPK has a good potential to replace the conventional fuel Jet A-1, it also has some deficiencies. One of them is the low lubricity compared to its conventional counterpart Jet A-1. To improve the lubricity of SPK, three selected additives have been mixed with SPK at different concentrations. The lubricity of the samples was determined experimentally and the samples that meet the industry specifications have been studied further. The effect of the additives on the physicochemical properties, such as, density, flash point, freezing point, viscosity, and heat content, were investigated. Linoleic acid was found to be an excellent lubricity improver even at a very low concentration and its negative impact on the other physicochemical properties was found to be insignificant. Ethyl oleate also demonstrated significant improvement in lubricity at low concentrations but had a negative impact on the fuel’s freezing point at high concentrations. Quinoline, at high concentrations, elevated the blend’s freezing point above the acceptable limits. In parallel to the experimental campaign, a pre-existing mathematical modelling tool was utilized to predict the properties of interest. The lubricity model was successfully introduced into the mathematical model in order to improve the capabilities of the model. Linoleic acid sample showed the best improvement in lubricity of SPK with wear scar diameter of 417 μm; well below the ASTM D7566 maximum limit of 850 μm. The dual nature of this study facilitated the optimization of the physicochemical properties of the fuel samples.

中文翻译：

---

增强气液（GTL）链烷烃煤油的润滑性：添加剂对理化性质的影响

合成石蜡煤油（SPK）是一种超清洁燃料，其芳烃含量低，硫化合物的量可忽略不计。尽管SPK有潜力替代传统的Jet A-1燃料，但它也有一些不足之处。其中之一是与传统的Jet A-1相比，润滑性低。为了提高SPK的润滑性，已将三种选定的添加剂以不同的浓度与SPK混合。通过实验确定样品的润滑性，并进一步研究了符合行业规格的样品。研究了添加剂对物理化学性质的影响，例如密度，闪点，凝固点，粘度和热含量。发现即使在非常低的浓度下，亚油酸也是优异的润滑性改进剂，并且发现其对其他理化性质的负面影响微不足道。在低浓度下，油酸乙酯也显示出润滑性的显着改善，但在高浓度下，对燃料的凝固点有负面影响。高浓度的喹啉使混合物的凝固点提高到可接受的极限以上。与实验活动并行的是，使用了预先存在的数学建模工具来预测感兴趣的属性。润滑性模型已成功引入数学模型，以提高模型的功能。亚油酸样品显示SPK的润滑性最佳，磨损痕迹直径为417μm。远低于ASTM D7566的最大极限850μm。这项研究的双重性质促进了燃料样品理化性质的优化。