Abstract: The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV), formally named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a novel human infectious coronavirus. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is named COVID-19. Development and manufacturing of specific therapeutics and vaccines to treat COVID-19 are time-consuming processes. At this time, using available conventional therapeutics along with other treatment options may be useful to fight COVID-19. In different clinical trials, efficacy of remdesivir (GS-5734) against Ebola virus has been demonstrated. Moreover, remdesivir may be an effective therapy in vitro and in animal models infected by SARS and MERS coronaviruses. Hence, the drug may be theoretically effective against SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir is a phosphoramidate prodrug of an adenosine C-nucleoside. By entrance into respiratory epithelial cells in human, the prodrug is metabolized to a nucleoside triphosphate as the active form. The nucleoside analog inhibits the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) by competing with the usual counterpart adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The nucleoside analog is incorporated into the generating RNA strand and causes a delayed stop in the viral replication process. Knowledge about the potential efficacy of remdesivir against coronaviruses has been restricted to in vitro studies and animal models. However, information related to COVID-19 is rapidly growing. Several clinical trials are ongoing for the management of COVID-19 using remdesivir. In this study, characteristics of remdesivir and its usage for treatment of COVID-19 are reviewed based on an electronic search using PubMed and Google Scholar.

Keywords: remdesivir, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase


中文翻译：

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瑞德西韦综述：一种可能有前途的治疗 COVID-19 的药物。


摘要： 2019新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV），正式名称为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2），是一种新型人类传染性冠状病毒。由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的疾病被命名为 COVID-19。开发和生产治疗 COVID-19 的特定疗法和疫苗是一个耗时的过程。目前，使用现有的常规疗法以及其他治疗方案可能有助于对抗 COVID-19。在不同的临床试验中，瑞德西韦（GS-5734）对抗埃博拉病毒的功效已得到证实。此外，瑞德西韦在体外以及感染 SARS 和 MERS 冠状病毒的动物模型中可能是一种有效的疗法。因此，该药物理论上可能对 SARS-CoV-2 有效。瑞德西韦是腺苷 C-核苷的氨基磷酸酯前药。通过进入人体呼吸道上皮细胞，前药被代谢为活性形式的三磷酸核苷。核苷类似物通过与通常的对应物三磷酸腺苷 (ATP) 竞争来抑制病毒 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶 (RdRp)。核苷类似物被掺入生成的 RNA 链中，导致病毒复制过程延迟停止。关于瑞德西韦对抗冠状病毒的潜在功效的知识仅限于体外研究和动物模型。然而，与 COVID-19 相关的信息正在迅速增长。使用瑞德西韦治疗 COVID-19 的多项临床试验正在进行中。在这项研究中，基于使用 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 的电子搜索，回顾了瑞德西韦的特性及其治疗 COVID-19 的用途。


关键词：瑞德西韦，COVID-19，SARS-CoV-2，RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶