The production of long-chain carbon compounds (C9-C21) from biomass derivatives to alternate traditional fossil diesel is sustainable, eco-friendly, and potentially economic for modern industry. In this work, phosphotungstic acid heterogenized by 3-bromopyridine was achieved using a solvothermal method, which was demonstrated to be efficient for trimerization of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with 2-methylfuran (2-MF) to C21 fuel precursor (57.1% yield) under mild reaction conditions. The heterogeneous acidic catalyst could be reused for four consecutive cycles without obvious loss of activity, and different characterization techniques (e.g., XRD (X-ray diffraction), TG (thermogravimetric analysis), SEM (scanning electron microscope), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and BET (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller)) were utilized to investigate the performance of the catalyst. In addition, a plausible reaction pathway was postulated, on the basis of results obtained by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer). This strategy provides a facile and efficient approach to prepare a recyclable acidic catalyst for the production of diesel fuel precursor from biomass via controllable polymerization.

中文翻译：

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3-溴吡啶-杂化磷钨酸用于生物质衍生的 5-羟甲基糠醛与 2-甲基呋喃有效三聚成 C21 燃料前体

从生物质衍生物到替代传统化石柴油的长链碳化合物 (C9-C21) 的生产是可持续的、环保的，并且对现代工业具有潜在的经济性。在这项工作中，使用溶剂热法实现了由 3-溴吡啶异质化的磷钨酸，该方法被证明可有效地将生物质衍生的 5-羟甲基糠醛 (HMF) 与 2-甲基呋喃 (2-MF) 三聚成 C21 燃料前体。 57.1% 产率）在温和的反应条件下。多相酸性催化剂可以连续重复使用四个循环而没有明显的活性损失，不同的表征技术（例如，XRD（X 射线衍射）、TG（热重分析）、SEM（扫描电子显微镜）、FT-IR（傅立叶）变换红外光谱），和 BET (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller)) 被用来研究催化剂的性能。此外，根据NMR（核磁共振）和GC-MS（气相色谱-质谱仪）获得的结果，推测了可能的反应途径。该策略提供了一种简便有效的方法来制备可回收的酸性催化剂，用于通过可控聚合从生物质生产柴油燃料前体。