Titanium dioxide (TD) and graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized by sol-gel and improved Hummers method, respectively. This study shows the results of the incorporation through four different conditions (sol-gel, sol-gel and ultrasonic, annealed, and UV radiation, C1 to C4, respectively). It was observed that a homogeneous incorporation of TD on sheets of GO was obtained satisfactorily. The composites of TiO2/GO were characterized using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The photocatalytic activity of the composites was determined from the degradation of the dye azo tartrazine using UV and solar radiation. The best incorporation of TD nanoparticles on GO was obtained with condition C3 (thermal incorporation method) at a temperature of 65°C. This shows a uniformity in the size and shape of the TD as well as an excellent adherence to the sheet of GO. This addition is accomplished by ionic bonding in the presence of electrostatic Coulomb forces. The C3 composite degraded the tartrazine dye using UV radiation and sunlight. With the latter, the degradation time was three times faster than using UV light.

中文翻译：

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用于光催化应用的 TiO2-GO 复合材料的获得和表征

二氧化钛（TD）和氧化石墨烯（GO）分别通过溶胶-凝胶法和改进的Hummers法合成。该研究显示了通过四种不同条件（溶胶-凝胶、溶胶-凝胶和超声波、退火和紫外线辐射，分别为 C1 到 C4）的掺入结果。观察到令人满意地获得了 TD 在 GO 片上的均匀结合。TiO2/GO复合材料的表征采用不同的技术，如X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、扫描透射电子显微镜（STEM）、能量色散X射线光谱（ EDS)、拉曼光谱和红外光谱 (IR)。复合材料的光催化活性是通过使用紫外线和太阳辐射降解染料偶氮柠檬黄来确定的。TD 纳米粒子在 GO 上的最佳掺入是在 65°C 的温度下使用条件 C3（热掺入法）获得的。这显示了 TD 的尺寸和形状的均匀性以及对 GO 片的极好的粘附性。这种添加是在静电库仑力存在下通过离子键合完成的。C3 复合材料使用紫外线辐射和阳光降解柠檬黄染料。使用后者，降解时间比使用紫外线快三倍。C3 复合材料使用紫外线辐射和阳光降解柠檬黄染料。使用后者，降解时间比使用紫外线快三倍。C3 复合材料使用紫外线辐射和阳光降解柠檬黄染料。使用后者，降解时间比使用紫外线快三倍。