Subunit vaccines induce immunity to a pathogen by presenting a component of the pathogen and thus inherently limit the representation of pathogen peptides for cellular immunity based memory. We find that SARS-CoV-2 subunit peptides may not be robustly displayed by the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules in certain individuals. We introduce an augmentation strategy for subunit vaccines that adds a small number of SARS-CoV-2 peptides to a vaccine to improve the population coverage of pathogen peptide display. Our population coverage estimates integrate clinical data on peptide immunogenicity in convalescent COVID-19 patients and machine learning predictions. We evaluate the population coverage of 9 different subunits of SARS-CoV-2, including 5 functional domains and 4 full proteins, and augment each of them to fill a predicted coverage gap.

中文翻译：

---

预测的SARS-CoV-2亚单位疫苗的细胞免疫种群覆盖范围及其通过紧凑肽组的增强

亚单位疫苗通过呈现病原体的成分来诱导对病原体的免疫，因此固有地限制了病原体肽的表达，用于基于细胞免疫的记忆。我们发现，SARS-CoV-2亚基肽可能无法在某些个体中被主要组织相容性复合物（MHC）分子牢固显示。我们引入了亚单位疫苗的增强策略，该策略将少量SARS-CoV-2肽添加到疫苗中，以提高病原体肽展示的人群覆盖率。我们的人口覆盖率估算综合了恢复期COVID-19患者的肽免疫原性临床数据和机器学习预测。我们评估了SARS-CoV-2的9个不同亚基的人口覆盖率，包括5个功能域和4个完整蛋白质，