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No-Go Theorems for Quantum Resource Purification.
Physical Review Letters ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.060405
Kun Fang 1, 2 , Zi-Wen Liu 3
Affiliation  

The manipulation of quantum “resources” such as entanglement, coherence, and magic states lies at the heart of quantum science and technology, empowering potential advantages over classical methods. In practice, a particularly important kind of manipulation is to “purify” the quantum resources since they are inevitably contaminated by noise and thus often lose their power or become unreliable for direct usage. Here we prove fundamental limitations on how effectively generic noisy resources can be purified enforced by the laws of quantum mechanics, which universally apply to any reasonable kind of quantum resource. More explicitly, we derive nontrivial lower bounds on the error of converting any full-rank noisy state to any target pure resource state by any free protocol (including probabilistic ones)—it is impossible to achieve perfect resource purification, even probabilistically. Our theorems indicate strong limits on the efficiency of distillation, a widely used type of resource purification routine that underpins many key applications of quantum information science. In particular, this general result induces the first explicit lower bounds on the resource cost of magic state distillation, a leading scheme for realizing scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation. Implications for the standard error-correction-based methods are specifically discussed.

中文翻译:

量子资源纯化的不可行定理。

纠缠,相干和魔术态等量子“资源”的操纵是量子科学和技术的核心,从而赋予了其优于传统方法的潜在优势。在实践中,一种特别重要的操作方式是“纯化”量子资源,因为它们不可避免地受到噪声的污染,因此常常会失去其能量或变得不可靠,无法直接使用。在这里,我们证明了如何通过量子力学定律强制有效地净化通用的有噪声资源的基本限制,该定律普遍适用于任何合理种类的量子资源。更明确地说,对于通过任何免费协议(包括概率协议)将任何级别的嘈杂状态转换为目标纯资源状态的错误,我们得出了一个不重要的下限-即使是概率性的,也无法实现完美的资源净化。我们的定理表明对蒸馏效率的严格限制,蒸馏是一种广泛使用的资源纯化程序,它是量子信息科学许多关键应用的基础。特别是,这种一般结果在魔术状态蒸馏的资源成本上引发了第一个明确的下限,这是实现可扩展的容错量子计算的领先方案。详细讨论了基于标准纠错方法的含义。一种广泛使用的资源净化程序,它支持量子信息科学的许多关键应用。特别是,这种一般结果在魔术状态蒸馏的资源成本上引发了第一个明确的下限,这是实现可扩展的容错量子计算的领先方案。具体讨论了基于标准纠错方法的含义。一种广泛使用的资源净化程序,它支持量子信息科学的许多关键应用。特别是,这种一般结果在魔术状态蒸馏的资源成本上引发了第一个明确的下限,这是实现可扩展的容错量子计算的领先方案。详细讨论了基于标准纠错方法的含义。
更新日期:2020-08-06
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