This paper investigates the electromechanical behavior of functionally graded piezoelectric composite beams containing axially functionally graded (AFG) beam and piezoelectric actuators subjected to electrical load. The mechanical properties of the AFG beam are assumed to be graded along the axial direction. Employing the electromechanical coupling theory and load simulation method, the expression for the simulation load of the piezoelectric actuators is obtained. Based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the obtained simulation load, the differential governing equation of the piezoelectric composite beams subjected to electrical load is derived. The integration-by-parts approach is utilized to solve the differential governing equation, and the expression for the deflection of the piezoelectric composite beams is obtained. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated by the finite element method. The bending response of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite beams is investigated through the proposed method. In the numerical examples, the effects of electrical load, actuator thickness, AFG beam thickness and AFG beam length on the electromechanical behavior of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite beams are studied.

本文研究了包含轴向功能梯度（AFG）梁和承受电负载的压电执行器的功能梯度压电复合梁的机电性能。假定AFG梁的机械性能沿轴向分级。利用机电耦合原理和载荷模拟方法，得到了压电致动器模拟载荷的表达式。基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论和所获得的模拟载荷，推导了压电复合梁在电载荷作用下的微分控制方程。利用分部积分法求解微分控制方程，得到压电复合梁挠度的表达式。通过有限元方法验证了该方法的准确性。通过提出的方法研究了功能梯度压电复合材料梁的弯曲响应。在数值示例中，研究了电负载，执行器厚度，AFG束厚度和AFG束长度对功能梯度压电复合梁的机电性能的影响。