ABSTRACT

Objective

Traumatic spine injuries are a relatively common occurrence and are associated with functional impairment, loss of neurologic function, and spinal deformity. A number of spinal trauma classification systems have been developed with varying degrees of acceptance. This review provides a chronological overview of spinal trauma classification systems, with special consideration towards the benefits and pitfalls related to each. Cervical, thoracolumbar, and sacral trauma classification systems are discussed.

Methods

A review of the literature was performed. Published articles that reported on bony spinal trauma classification systems were examined. No year exemptions were identified. The reference lists of all selected articles were screened for additional studies. Article inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined a priori.

Results

A total of 20 classification systems were identified from years 1938–2017. Of these 20 classification systems, 6 were cervical, 11 were thoracolumbar and 3 were sacral. The modernization of bony spinal trauma classification has been characterized by the development of weighted scales that include injury morphology, integrity of associated ligamentous structures and neurologic status.

Conclusion

For widespread acceptance and adoption in the clinical setting, future spinal trauma scoring classification will need to remain simple, highly reproducible, and impart information with regard to clinical decision-making and prognosis that may be effectively communicated across each medical specialty involved in the care of these patients.

中文翻译：

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颈椎、胸腰椎和骶椎创伤分类：过去、现在和未来

摘要

客观的

创伤性脊柱损伤是一种相对常见的现象，与功能障碍、神经功能丧失和脊柱畸形有关。已经开发了许多脊柱创伤分类系统，并获得了不同程度的接受。这篇综述按时间顺序概述了脊柱创伤分类系统，特别考虑了与每个分类系统相关的好处和缺陷。讨论了颈椎、胸腰椎和骶骨创伤分类系统。

方法

对文献进行了回顾。对报告骨性脊柱创伤分类系统的已发表文章进行了检查。没有确定任何年份的豁免。对所有选定文章的参考文献列表进行了筛选以进行进一步的研究。文章纳入和排除标准是预先定义的。

结果

1938 年至 2017 年期间共确定了 20 个分类系统。在这20个分类系统中，6个是颈椎，11个是胸腰椎，3个是骶椎。骨性脊柱创伤分类的现代化特点是加权量表的发展，包括损伤形态、相关韧带结构的完整性和神经系统状态。

结论

为了在临床环境中得到广泛接受和采用，未来的脊柱创伤评分分类将需要保持简单、高度可重复性，并传递有关临床决策和预后的信息，这些信息可以在参与护理的每个医学专业之间有效地传达。这些病人。