Abstract The present study investigated the possible effects of including salt of short chain fatty acid, sodium acetate (SA), on skin mucus immune parameters and immune, antioxidant and growth-related genes expression in common carp. There is little data available about the effective role of SA on immune, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of SA intake on these factors using common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as model organism. Two hundred and forty healthy common carps (mean weight = 15 ± 0.9 g) were supplied and randomly stocked into 12 fiberglass tanks 200 L (20 fish per tank) assigned to four treatments and triplicates. The study was performed in a completely randomized design. The treatments were feeding carps with experimental diets containing different levels (0.0 [control], 0.5, 1 and 2%) of SA. The skin mucus total immunoglobulin and total protein levels in fish fed 2% SA showed significant increase compared to the control group (P<0.05). Results showed a significant increase in the GH gene expression in 1 and 2% SA treatments (P<0.05). The carps fed the diet with 2% SA showed a significant increase in IGF-1 expression (P<0.05). The expression of GSTa, and GPX (antioxidant genes) revealed a significant increase in the GSTa (fish fed SA at 1% and 2% levels) and GPX gene expression with fish fed 2% SA (P<0.05). Supplementation of fish diet with SA induced a slight elevation in the intestine of all immune-related genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL8 and Lyz) compared to the control group (P>0.05). However, Lyz gene was significantly up-regulated in 1 or 2% SA treatments. These results confirmed beneficial effects of SA as a feed additive in common carp culture.

中文翻译：

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日粮醋酸钠对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）肠道皮肤黏液免疫参数及生长、免疫和抗氧化系统相关基因表达的影响

摘要 本研究调查了包括短链脂肪酸盐醋酸钠 (SA) 对鲤鱼皮肤粘液免疫参数和免疫、抗氧化和生长相关基因表达的可能影响。关于 SA 对免疫、抗氧化和生长相关基因表达以及皮肤粘液免疫参数的有效作用的数据很少。本研究的目的是使用鲤鱼 (Cyprinus carpio) 作为模式生物分析 SA 摄入对这些因素的影响。提供了 240 条健康鲤鱼（平均重量 = 15 ± 0.9 克），并随机放入 12 个 200 升的玻璃纤维水箱（每箱 20 条鱼），分配给四个处理和三次重复。该研究以完全随机的设计进行。处理是用含有不同水平（0.0 [对照]、0.5、1 和 2%）SA 的实验饲料喂养鲤鱼。与对照组相比，饲喂 2% SA 的鱼的皮肤粘液总免疫球蛋白和总蛋白水平显着增加（P<0.05）。结果显示，在 1% 和 2% SA 处理中，GH 基因表达显着增加（P<0.05）。用 2% SA 饲喂的鲤鱼显示 IGF-1 表达显着增加（P<0.05）。GSTa 和 GPX（抗氧化基因）的表达显示 GSTa（喂食 1% 和 2% 水平的 SA 的鱼）和喂食 2% SA 的鱼的 GPX 基因表达显着增加（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，用 SA 补充鱼类饮食诱导肠道中所有免疫相关基因（TNF-α、IL-1β、IL8 和 Lyz）的轻微升高（P>0.05）。然而，Lyz 基因在 1% 或 2% SA 处理中显着上调。这些结果证实了 SA 在鲤鱼养殖中作为饲料添加剂的有益效果。