A comprehensive understanding of environmental changes taking place in coastal regions relies on accurate integration of both terrestrial and submerged geo-environmental datasets. However, this practice is hardly implemented because of the high (or even prohibitive) survey costs required for submerged areas and the frequent low accessibility of shallow areas. In addition, geoscientists are used to working on land or at sea independently, making the integration even more challenging. Undoubtedly new methods and techniques of offshore investigation adopted over the last 50 years and the latest advances in computer vision have played a crucial role in allowing a seamless combination of terrestrial and marine data. Although efforts towards an innovative integration of geo-environmental data from above to underwater are still in their infancy, we have identified seven topics for which this integration could be of tremendous benefit for environmental research: (1) geomorphological mapping; (2) Late-Quaternary changes of coastal landscapes; (3) geoarchaeology; (4) geoheritage and geodiversity; (5) geohazards; (6) marine and landscape ecology; and (7) coastal planning and management. Our review indicates that the realization of seamless DTMs appears to be the basic condition to operate a comprehensive integration of marine and terrestrial data sets, so far exhaustively achieved in very few case studies. Technology and interdisciplinarity will be therefore critical for the development of a holistic approach to understand our changing environments and design appropriate management measures accordingly.

中文翻译：

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在不断变化的环境中整合陆地和海洋空间数据集的七大理由

对沿海地区发生的环境变化的全面了解依赖于陆地和水下地质环境数据集的准确整合。然而，由于淹没区域所需的调查成本高（甚至令人望而却步）以及浅层区域的可达性低，这种做法很难实施。此外，地球科学家习惯于在陆地或海上独立工作，这使得整合更具挑战性。毫无疑问，过去 50 年来采用的新近海调查方法和技术以及计算机视觉的最新进展在实现陆地和海洋数据的无缝组合方面发挥了至关重要的作用。尽管将地球环境数据从上到下进行创新整合的努力仍处于起步阶段，我们已经确定了这种整合可以为环境研究带来巨大好处的七个主题：（1）地貌测绘；(2) 海岸地貌晚第四纪变化；(3) 地质考古学；(4) 地质遗产和地质多样性；（五）地质灾害；(6) 海洋和景观生态学；(7) 海岸规划和管理。我们的审查表明，无缝 DTM 的实现似乎是对海洋和陆地数据集进行全面整合的基本条件，迄今为止，在极少数案例研究中完全实现了这一点。因此，技术和跨学科对于开发整体方法以了解我们不断变化的环境并相应地设计适当的管理措施至关重要。