We explored possible paths from physical and mental health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, optimism, and social support to happiness in older adults, considering hedonic balance and life satisfaction as mediators. A total of 154 Spanish male and female (50%) older adults (65–96 years old, M = 77.44, SD = 8.03; 64% noninstitutionalized elderly) voluntarily participated in this correlational, cross-sectional study. The participants completed self-reports on their perceived health status, self-efficacy, social support, optimism, and global subjective well-being (SWB) as well as its dimensions. Path analysis was used to examine direct and indirect relationships. The final model had an excellent fit with the data (χ2(10) = 11.837, p = .296, χ2/df = 1.184; SRMR = 0.050, CFI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.035), revealing the unique causal effects of all the included predictors on happiness. With the exception of self-efficacy, the psychosocial resources predicted older adults’ current happiness, and this relationship was fully mediated by hedonic balance and life satisfaction, which were found to be putative intermediary factors for SWB. Self-efficacy in turn predicted the remaining psychosocial resources. Our findings extend the existing evidence on the influences of health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, optimism, and social support on SWB. Furthermore, they support the proposal of hedonic balance and life satisfaction as dimensions of SWB, thus supporting the tripartite hierarchical model of happiness. These results may inform future interventions seeking to improve happiness in late adulthood.

中文翻译：

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老年人享乐平衡，生活满意度和幸福感的社会心理资源：路径分析。

我们以享乐平衡和生活满意度为中介，探索了从与身心健康相关的生活质量，自我效能感，乐观情绪和社会支持到老年人幸福的可能途径。共有154名西班牙男性和女性（50％）老年人（65-96岁，M = 77.44，SD = 8.03； 64％非机构化老年人）自愿参加了这项相关的横断面研究。参与者完成了关于其感知健康状况，自我效能，社会支持，乐观，全球主观幸福感（SWB）及其规模的自我报告。路径分析用于检查直接和间接关系。最终模型与数据非常吻合（χ2（10）= 11.837，p= 0.296，χ2/ df = 1.184；SRMR = 0.050，CFI = 0.994，RMSEA = 0.035），揭示了所有纳入的预测因素对幸福的独特因果关系。除了自我效能感之外，社会心理资源可以预测老年人当前的幸福感，这种关系完全由享乐平衡和生活满意度来调节，这被认为是SWB的假定中介因素。自我效能反过来预示了剩余的社会心理资源。我们的发现扩展了有关健康相关生活质量，自我效能感，乐观度和社会支持对SWB的影响的现有证据。此外，他们支持享乐平衡和生活满意度作为SWB维度的建议，从而支持幸福的三方分层模型。