In this study, five wild edible herbs traditionally consumed in the Tuscany region (Italy) were evaluated for their potential in human nutrition. The nutraceutical characterization of Rumex acetosa, Cichorium intybus, Picris hieracioides, Sanguisorba minor, and Plantago coronopus, as well as their sensory profile were reported. Additionally, a preliminary assessment of completely different domestication of the wild species (named “soilless”, pot, and open field) was conducted to verify the possibility of their marketability, which is impossible if the plants are only gathered as wild. The open field domestication allowed to obtain plants with nutraceutical and sensory profiles similar to those of the wild species, especially in C. intybus, P. hieracioides, and S. minor. The pot domestication allow to obtain plants with chlorophyll and carotenoid contents close to those of the wild species, as well as a lower total phenolic and flavonoid content and ascorbic acid content than wild species. In the “soilless” method, R. acetosa and P. coronopus exhibited a high quality in terms of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity. Afterward, the sensory profile was strongly affected by the domestication in terms of the palatability, except for R. acetosa and P. coronopus, which displayed Hedonic Index (HI) values close to the consumer acceptability limit (HI = 6). A sensory profile similar to that of wild species was reported in open field domestication, whereas a worse sensory profile was reported in P. hieracioides and C. intybus domesticated using the soilless method. Finally, according to the preliminary assessment carried out in this study through an analysis of the general nutraceutical properties, S. minor was shown to be the most promising species thanks to its intrinsically highest nutraceutical properties considering the marketability of wild edible herbs as “new” functional food. However, further research on the bioavailability and bioactivity tests of nutraceutical compounds present in this species are required to confirm the findings of this study.

中文翻译：

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三种驯化植物和野生收获植物的五种野生食用草药的营养特性和感官特征的比较：驯化可能吗？

在这项研究中，评估了托斯卡纳地区（意大利）传统上食用的五种野生食用草药在人类营养方面的潜力。报道了酸模、菊苣、黄连、地榆和车前草的营养特性及其感官特征。此外，还对野生物种的完全不同驯化（称为“无土”、盆栽和露地）进行了初步评估，以验证其适销性的可能性，如果仅作为野生植物采集，这是不可能的。露地驯化允许获得具有与野生物种相似的营养和感官特征的植物，特别是C. intybus、P. hieracioides和S. minor 。盆栽驯化可以获得叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量接近野生物种的植物，并且总酚和类黄酮含量以及抗坏血酸含量低于野生物种。在“无土”方法中，R. acetosa和P. coronopus在植物化学物质和抗氧化活性方面表现出高质量。随后，除了R. acetosa和P. coronopus之外，感官特征在适口性方面受到驯化的强烈影响，它们的快乐指数 (HI) 值接近消费者可接受的极限 (HI = 6)。据报道，露地驯化的感官特征与野生物种相似，而使用无土方法驯化的P. hieracioides和C. intybus 的感官特征较差。最后，根据本研究通过对一般营养保健特性分析进行的初步评估，考虑到野生食用草本植物作为“新”的适销性，其本质上具有最高的营养保健特性，因此被证明是最有前途的物种。功能性食品。然而，需要对该物种中存在的营养保健化合物的生物利用度和生物活性测试进行进一步研究，以证实本研究的结果。