Animal origin food products, including fish and seafood, meat and poultry, milk and dairy foods, and other related products play significant roles in human nutrition. However, fraud in this food sector frequently occurs, leading to negative economic impacts on consumers and potential risks to public health and the environment. Therefore, the development of analytical techniques that can rapidly detect fraud and verify the authenticity of such products is of paramount importance. Traditionally, a wide variety of targeted approaches, such as chemical, chromatographic, molecular, and protein-based techniques, among others, have been frequently used to identify animal species, production methods, provenance, and processing of food products. Although these conventional methods are accurate and reliable, they are destructive, time-consuming, and can only be employed at the laboratory scale. On the contrary, alternative methods based mainly on spectroscopy have emerged in recent years as invaluable tools to overcome most of the limitations associated with traditional measurements. The number of scientific studies reporting on various authenticity issues investigated by vibrational spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and fluorescence spectroscopy has increased substantially over the past few years, indicating the tremendous potential of these techniques in the fight against food fraud. It is the aim of the present manuscript to review the state-of-the-art research advances since 2015 regarding the use of analytical methods applied to detect fraud in food products of animal origin, with particular attention paid to spectroscopic measurements coupled with chemometric analysis. The opportunities and challenges surrounding the use of spectroscopic techniques and possible future directions will also be discussed.

中文翻译：

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动物源食品欺诈：过去五年新兴光谱检测方法的进展。


动物源食品，包括鱼类和海鲜、肉类和家禽、牛奶和乳制品以及其他相关产品，在人类营养中发挥着重要作用。然而，该食品行业的欺诈行为经常发生，给消费者带来负面经济影响，并对公共健康和环境造成潜在风险。因此，开发能够快速检测欺诈并验证此类产品真实性的分析技术至关重要。传统上，各种有针对性的方法，例如化学、色谱、分子和基于蛋白质的技术等，经常被用来识别动物物种、生产方法、来源和食品加工。尽管这些传统方法准确可靠，但具有破坏性、耗时且只能在实验室规模使用。相反，近年来出现了主要基于光谱学的替代方法，作为克服与传统测量相关的大多数限制的宝贵工具。过去几年，通过振动光谱、核磁共振和荧光光谱调查各种真实性问题的科学研究报告数量大幅增加，表明这些技术在打击食品欺诈方面具有巨大潜力。本手稿的目的是回顾 2015 年以来关于使用分析方法检测动物源性食品欺诈的最新研究进展，特别关注光谱测量与化学计量分析相结合。 还将讨论围绕光谱技术使用的机遇和挑战以及未来可能的方向。