The etiological factors of oral cancer are complex including drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, betel quid chewing, human papillomavirus infection, and nutritional deficiencies. Understanding the molecular mechanism of oral cancer is vital. The traditional treatment for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (e.g., surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) and targeted molecular therapy still have numerous shortcomings. In recent years, the use of phytochemical factors to prevent or treat cancer has received increasing attention. These phytochemicals have little or no toxicity against healthy tissues and are thus ideal chemopreventive agents. However, phytochemicals usually have low water solubility, low bioavailability, and insufficient targeting which limit therapeutic use. Numerous studies have investigated the development of phytochemical delivery systems to address these problems. The present article provides an overview of oral cancer including the etiological factors, diagnosis, and traditional therapy. Furthermore, the classification, dietary sources, anticancer bioactivity, delivery system improvements, and molecular mechanisms against oral cancer of phytochemicals are also discussed in this review.

中文翻译：

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植物化学物质在口腔癌预防和治疗中的潜力：证据综述。

口腔癌的病因很复杂，包括饮酒，抽烟，咀嚼槟榔，人乳头瘤病毒感染和营养缺乏。了解口腔癌的分子机制至关重要。口腔鳞状细胞癌患者的传统疗法（例如手术，放疗和化疗）和靶向分子疗法仍然有许多缺点。近年来，使用植物化学因子预防或治疗癌症已受到越来越多的关注。这些植物化学物质对健康组织几乎没有或没有毒性，因此是理想的化学预防剂。然而，植物化学物质通常具有低水溶性，低生物利用度和靶向不足，这限制了治疗用途。为了解决这些问题，许多研究已经研究了植物化学递送系统的开发。本文概述了口腔癌，包括病因，诊断和传统疗法。此外，本综述还讨论了植物化学物质的分类，饮食来源，抗癌生物活性，递送系统的改进以及对抗口腔癌的分子机制。